Unit 1 Matter is made of particles Matter

Unit 1: Matter is made of particles

• Matter • Philosophy

• Science reproducible

scientific method hypotheses

observation elements

Brownian motion

combustion

• Experiments independent variable experimental group control group constants

Control Group Experimental Group

Control Group Experimental Group

• Data conclusion

probability sample size

bias blind experiment • A double-blind experiment James Randi on the “medical psychic”.

atoms

element Copper blanks. These are stamped to make coins.

molecules compound substances pure

mixture

Pure element, atoms. Pure compound, molecules. Mixture of elements and compounds, atoms and molecules. Mixture of elements. Atoms only.

neutral atoms ions • Electrostatic attraction • Electrostatic repulsion

polar molecules nonpolar

• Cohesion

• Adhesion meniscus

solubility solute solvent solution

soluble insoluble like dissolves like” rule

magnetic • Conductivity

density volume and mass

• Bouyancy

• Qualitative • Quantitative • Accuracy • Precision

Low accuracy, low precision. Low accuracy, high precision.

High accuracy, low precision. High accuracy, high precision

significant figures

Rule Example Nonzero numbers are significant. 19. 5 g has three significant figures. Zeros between nonzero numbers are significant. 70. 05 m. L has four significant figures. All zeroes to the right of the decimal and another number are significant. 48. 00 s has four significant figures. All other zeroes are placeholders and are not significant. 0. 00158 m has three significant figures. 8, 500 miles has two significant figures. Defined constants have an infinite number of significant figures. One dozen = 12 eggs. One minute = 60 seconds.

• Density

• Flammability • Reactivity

• Radioactivity

physical change

• Chemical changes

• Filtration • Distillation

• Chromatography