UNIT 1 MACROMOLECULES YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

UNIT 1: MACROMOLECULES YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT! STRUCTURE & FUNCTION NOTES

Macromolecules: What are they? �Macro = large �Molecule = building block of every living thing �Macromolecules = large molecules that makes up all life! 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins

Carbohydrates: EXAMPLES SIMPLE CARBS: �Glucose: table sugar (sucrose) Suffix: -ose (cellulose, maltose etc. ) COMPLEX CARBS: �Starch – potatoes �Most food made from plants: bread, pasta, rice etc.

Carbohydrates: STRUCTURE �Hexagon (6 sides) “rings” �Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (C, H, O) �Can connect together in a chain of rings (complex carbs)

Carbohydrates: FUNCTION �source of SHORT- TERM energy

Lipids: EXAMPLES �Fats: white part of meat, butter �Oils: olive, vegetable etc. �Waxes: beeswax, candles �LIPIDS ARE WATERPROOF

Lipids: STRUCTURE �Fatty Acid CHAINS �“Head” + Fatty Acid “Tail” does NOT like water

Lipids: FUNCTION 1. Store energy that’s not being used for the LONG TERM 2. Make up the cell membrane (“skin/border” of the cell): phospholipid bilayer

Did you get this? �For breakfast, you eat a piece of toast spread with butter. 1. What two macromolecules have you just consumed? Carbohydrate and Lipid 2. What purpose would the bread serve in your body? SHORT-TERM source of energy 3. What purpose would the butter serve in your body? LONG TERM energy storage and cell membrane production

Proteins: EXAMPLES �ENZYMES!! Suffix: -ase (lactase, amylase etc. ) �YOU! All living things are mostly made of proteins (skin, hair, muscle, organs etc. ) �Animal Products: meat & dairy �Plant Products: nuts & beans

Proteins: STRUCTURE �Chain of AMINO ACIDS �Contain NITROGEN (“amino”) �These fold up and form proteins of many different shapes and sizes

PROTEINS: FUNCTION 1. Enzymes chemical reactions 2. Structure building blocks § hair, connective tissue, muscles, organs etc. 3. Cell signaling (communication) and Transport of materials in/out of the cell