Unit 1 Geography Study Guide What to study

Unit 1 Geography Study Guide What to study!

Culture & Cultural Diffusion • Definition of Culture • A way of life of a group of people who share beliefs and similar customs. • Ethnic Group • Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion and customs. • Cultural Diffusion • The spread of new knowledge and skills from one culture to another.

Government Systems • Authoritarian government • Any type of government in which no or little individual freedom is allowed; North Korea, Hitler, Stalin, Mao • Government that gives people the most political freedom • Republic • U. S. Government System • Democratic Republic • Government Run by the few • Oligarchy • Country with a Constitutional Monarchy • Great Britain

Economic Systems • Definition of Economic Systems • How a country deals with production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services • Economy that does not use money but rather trade goods with one another • Traditional Economy • An economy where the people determine what goods and services are produced and how they are distributed • Capitalist Economy • This economy is high risk, high reward, and has an uneven wealth distribution • An economy where the government determines what goods and services are produced and how they are distributed • Communist Economy • In this economic system there is very little incentive to work, a low standard of living and few personal choices • An economy in which a government takes over major industries but still allows private industries to exist • Socialist Economy • This economy is associated with very high taxes and increased government assistance

Physical Geography • Plate Tectonics • The idea that the earth’s crust is made of large, moving slabs of rock • Reasons that support the idea of a supercontinent (Pangaea) • Fossils found on one continent match fossils found on other continents • The continents fit together like puzzle pieces • Volcanoes and earthquakes are most likely to occur • Where plates collide or pull apart (fault lines)

Internal Forces • Example of Internal Forces • Earthquakes and Volcanoes

External Forces • Example of External Forces • • Mechanical Weathering Wind Erosion Water Erosion Glacial Movement

Boimes • The biome is found at higher latitudes (furthest from the equator) • Tundra • The biome which the vegetation depends upon its elevation • Alpine/Mountain • The biomes that can co-exist next to each other (they have to be at the same elevation) • Tropical Rainforest and Savana

• Defining Characteristics of Culture: • • • Language Religion Social Groups Government Economy • Cultural Diffusion • Why does it happen • Economies • What impact do they have on peoples lives • Biomes • Be able to describe at least 3 ways people in a specific area have adapted their lives to that biome. • Remember that biomes include climate, physical features, weather, location, vegetation, etc. )

The maps • Make sure you can map: • Continents and Oceans • Lines of Latitude (Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle, Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, Equator) and the Line of Longitude • Mountains (Andes, Ural, Himalayan & Mt. Everest, Rocky Mt. , Alps, and Mt. Kilimanjaro) • Deserts (Gobi, Atacama, and Sahara) • Rainforests (Amazon & Congo) • Panama Canal, Suez Canal, & Siberia • Rivers (Amazon, Ganges, Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Mississippi, Congo, and Indus) • Big Bodies of Water (Caspian Sea, Lake Baikal, Yellow River, English Channel, Mediterranean, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea)