Unit 1 Exploration Colonization Study Guide Main Reasons

Unit 1: Exploration & Colonization Study Guide

Main Reasons Europeans Explored the New World � Find a sea route to the spices of Asia � Locate the Northwest Passage � Find gold, silver, and precious stones to bring back to their mother country Mother country = country of origin � Expand their knowledge of the world � Control a larger empire � Expand Christianity � Find animal furs

What Happened When Euro Countries Settled � Spain Settled in Southwestern US, Mexico, South American Initially, looking for westward route to Asia Once there in search of gold and other treasures once settled Poor Relationship with Natives (church & sword method) � France Settled in North America and present day Canada (Ohio River Valley) Initially, searching for the NW Passage Once there, in search of riches…. . fur trade Good relationship (business & trade) with Natives � England Initially, looking for westward route to Asia Then, sought freedom of religion And, planned permanent settlements Eastern U & Northern Cananda OK relationship with Natives � Netherlands Searching for the NW Passage Eventually lost land to England (New York colony)

Why each colony was founded? �Refer to you Chapter 3 Notes Northern Colonies Chart Middle Colonies Chart Southern Colonies Chart �See Chapter 3 Power Points on Website Chapter 3 Notes_Northern Colonies Chapter 3 Notes_Middle Colonies Chapter 3 Notes_Southern Colonies

Civics Geography History -Relied on ship building, trading, fishing, lumber - Mostly self governing - town halls -Poor climate for growing crops -On east coast so good for fishing, trading -Dominated by Puritans seeking freedom -Pilgrims in MA -Life dominated by church Middle -Breadbasket crops (staple crops) -Trade -Some shipbuilding, logging - elected governments and assemblies - Cold winters, hot summer -Ideal for agriculture -Religions varied -Tolerance among most religions -Agrarian society – based on plantations and cash crops -Relied on slaves for most labor - elected assemblies -Mild winters, hot summers -Perfect soil for cash crops - Communities spread out so not as close as in the north -Various religions but mostly Christian based or Church of England Northern Economics Southern Chapter 3 Notes

How Does Geography impact Economics �Think about: What type of climate did the colony have? What types of businesses made up the colony’s economy What is the relationship between the two? � If cold weather, could they have grown cash crops? Why or why not? � If not near the Atlantic Ocean, could they rely on fishing and ship building? Why or why not?

How Did Religion Impact 13 Colonies? �It was a main reason that many people came to settle in the 13 Colonies. �Often the lines between government and religion were blurred Especially in the North, less so in the South �The sects of religions differentiated the colonies many colonies had different religions/sects �Was often the center of social life, government, and culture �It was a main reason for founding of many colonies

Why were town meetings held in North more than in the South? �Think about proximity How close were neighbors �Think about reasons the colonies were settled in the first place Were they looking for a new religious or political life?

Slavery & The 3 Colonial Regions Northern Middle Southern economy Fishing Ship building Whaling Trade (furs, beef, pork) Growing shipbuilding industry Crop trading (wheat, flour) Plantations/agricultu re Exported materials for building ships labor Apprentices Indentured Servant Some apprentices Some Slaves (more than North) and they worked in the cities and on farms Most of the slaves worked in the Southern Colonies crops Weather & soil made it too hard to grow crops Staple crops (wheat, barley, oats) Livestock Cash crops (tobacco, Indigo, cotton) climate Woods, colder Harsh climate Rocky soil Good growing season Hot, good weather Rich land for farming for agriculture

Slavery in the South Slave Contract Owned For life Race African Laws Slave Codes were created to protect the master Jobs Mostly worked in the fields Had the difficult jobs that required a lot of manual labor Backbone of the Southern economy Family Children owned by masters Often families were split apart

Life in the Colonies �City Life vs. Agrarian Life North vs. South Based on climate, economy, labor needs �Education Based on economy needs Based on religious needs and purposes

Map Work �Refer to Chapter 2: European Exploration Map in your Interactive Notebook �Refer to your Chapter 3: 13 Colonies Region Map in your Interactive Notebook

Terms & Identifications

Terms to Know �Mercantilism: An economic system where nations created and maintained wealth by carefully controlling trade

Terms to Know � Columbian Exchange: the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas � Middle Passage: 3 month journey across the Atlantic that brought slaves from Africa to North America � Atlantic Slave Trade: the business of capturing, transporting, and selling people as slaves.

Terms to Know � Charter: a formal document issued by the king that outlined a colony’s geographic boundaries and specified how it would be governed. �Mayflower Compact: The rules that the Pilgrims used to govern themselves

Terms to Know � English Bill of Rights: Shifted political power from royal monarchy in England to Parliament. The US Bill of Rights and Constitution were modeled after this. � Parliament: the law making body of England, consisting of representatives from throughout the kingdom.

Terms to Know �Cash Crops: crops that were sold for a profit (mostly in the Southern Colonies). Include: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo �Staple Crops: crops that are always in need (mostly from the middle colonies). Include: wheat, barley, oats

Terms to Know � dissenters: People who disagree with official positions The Puritans were dissenters in regards to the Church of England � Puritans: Due to religious intolerance in England this group began migrating to the New World and created colonies. � Pilgrims: Created the first colony in the New World settled for religious purposes and had their own form of self-government. Created a community that was centered around religion and family. Women were given more rights in Plymouth than in many other colonies & England � Quakers: Large community in PA. Believed that all people had an inner light and were genuinely good and kind � Catholics: Mostly settled in the middle colonies (and MD) � Separatists: This radical sect of Puritans showed the first signs of dissent (disagreement) with England. Fought for religious freedom and established a colony for such reason. Eventually became a major contributor to religious segregation in the Northern colonies (ironic)

dissenters, Separatists, etc.

Terms to Know �Roger Williams: Founder of RI who was banished from MA Bay for his religious beliefs, was searching for religious freedom. �Olaudah Equiano: Slave, who wrote about his horrific middle passage and slavery experience.

Terms to Know � Lost Colony: also known as Roanoke. Believed to be the first settlement in the New World but was unsuccessful. Rumors about its demise continue today. � John Smith: took control of Jamestown colony in 1608, and forced the colonists to work and to build better housing, which reduced deaths � Jamestown: founded in 1607, it is considered the first official settlement in the New World. It was founded by the London Company as joint-stock colony as a way to make money

Terms to Know � House of Burgesses: Jamestown. First form on representative govt. in the New World � Powhatan Confederacy: alliance of Algonquian Indians that sometimes helped the colonists and were sometimes robbed by the colonists Conflicts over colonists growing tobacco on N. A. lands After colonists killed a Powhatan leader, they massacred Jamestown killing 350 settlers including John Rolfe, and fought for 20 years