Unit 1 Colonial Era Guiding questions Why did

Unit 1 Colonial Era Guiding questions: Why did people go to North America? Where did they get their ideas of early democracy?

The Age of Exploration Mark The Text Grade _____ Teacher’s Initials First Reading: Pencils Down Though Columbus was not the first to discover the New World, his landing in the New World in 1492 is important: it ushered in an era of unprecedented European exploration and settlement of the Americas. This period is known as the Age of Exploration. During this age, European explorers searched for trade routes, overseas wealth, and adventure. Technological innovations spurred the exploration boom. A “maritime revolution” in Europe saw the invention of the astrolabe, a device used to determine latitude; the caravel, an large ship of unprecedented speed; and the magnetic compass. Second Reading: Mark the Text 1. Number Paragraphs 2. Underline Main Ideas 3. Highlight Key Terms, People, Places, Dates Use Comprehension Tools: Dictionary, Textbook 1. Take Notes 2. Answer Questions The individual explorers often get the glory, but it is more important that you know the broader context: the nations that sponsored those explorers; the reasons those nations were so interested in exploring and settling the New World; and the geographical territories that each nation claimed as its own. The Spanish monarchy began the Age of Exploration when it sponsored Christopher Columbus’s journey westward, across the Atlantic Ocean, in search of Asia. Columbus failed to reach Asia, landing instead on the Bahama Islands in 1492. He returned to the New World in 1493 and established the settlement of Santo Domingo as a base for further exploration. 8. 2. A - identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

European superpowers: Spain, France, The Netherlands, England In North America, Spain initially proved just as dominant. Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain in 1513, and Hernando de Soto led a Spanish exploration of the southeastern United States in 1539, discovering the Mississippi River. In 1565, Spain established the first successful European settlement in North America—a fortress in St. Augustine, Florida. Around the turn of the seventeenth century, Spanish settlers moved into the Southwest, establishing the colony of Santa Fe in 1610. In an effort to maintain control of North America, the Spanish attacked many British and French settlements and destroyed forts. Spain saw its claim on Florida as particularly important in the effort to diminish English and French expansion southward. 8. 2. A - identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

As you read, consider: What about England? France also played a strong role in the New World, though its efforts were mainly confined to North America. The French led the charge to find a Northwest Passage, a much-hoped-for water route through which ships might be able to cross the Americas to access Asia. In three voyages between 1534 and 1542, French explorer Jacques Cartier traveled the St. Lawrence River as far as Montreal. The Northwest Passage eluded him (it doesn’t exist), but his explorations established France’s early dominance of North America’s major waterways. In 1562, French settlers briefly and unsuccessfully attempted to settle in what is now South Carolina, and in 1564, the Spanish attacked and destroyed a French settlement near Jacksonville, Florida. Despite its failures, France continued to be a major player in North America. Most notably, the French engaged in the highly profitable fur trade, setting up trading outposts throughout Newfoundland, Maine, and regions farther west. The Dutch East India Company became interested in North American settlement in 1609, when Henry Hudson sailed up the river that now carries his name. In 1625, the Dutch bought Manhattan island from the natives who lived there and established the settlement of New Amsterdam at the mouth of the Hudson River. While the colony flourished on account of the fur trade, the Dutch did little to expand their landholdings beyond their domain around the Hudson. A European conflict between England the Netherlands spread to the New World in 1664, during which the English took over New Amsterdam, renaming it New York. After 1664, Dutch influence waned. Compared to other European powers, England got a relatively late start in the exploration and colonization of the New World. True, King Henry VII of England did send explorer John Cabot across the Atlantic in 1497, and Cabot claimed Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Grand Banks for England. But after Cabot’s efforts, the English became more concerned with domestic 8. 2. A issues and generally exploring. For much - identify reasons ceased for European exploration and of the sixteenth century, England had no real presence in colonization the New World. of North America

ACE q Answer the question Cite q (evidence, quotes, factual details, historical observations, q Explain Put in context, make inferences, Describe, draw conclusions Writing Prompt: Why Did People From Europe Go to North America?

If you were the leader of the colony… Grade _____(DBQ)/____(R&Rs) Teacher’s Initials ____ Rights Talk like a scholar Responsibilities Primary Source, Secondary Source 8. 19. D - identify examples of responsible citizenship, including obeying rules and laws, staying informed on public issues, voting, and serving on juries

Talk like a scholar Excerpt, Interpret Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony: unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. Mayflower Compact, 1620 DBQ What kind of colonial government did the Mayflower pilgrims want to set up?

• King must now get _____________. • Two important aspects of the Magna Carta: • there must be a _______ governing how the King and ______ will deal with each other. • the King is ___________ and that he is ____________ that limits his ______. • first _________ government appears in _______. • Burgess = ___________________ • House of Burgesses imposed _____ and ran the _____ • It was modeled after _______________. • Pilgrims arrive near the _______ Coast agree to write a contract that allows for __________. • The Mayflower Compact promised that every adult male _______ for the Governor and his advisors on a yearly basis. • It supports the idea of ________. 8. 3. B - analyze the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burgesses to the growth of representative government _1620_ _1619_ 1215_ Graphic Organizer- Signs of Democracy

• First written ________ in North America. It was the work of a Puritan clergyman, _____________ • It was an outline for ___________. The well being of the community came before the individual. • _________ elected a governor, assistants, and a legislative assembly to ________for the community. • Monarchs William of Orange and Mary agree that the ________________have more power under the English Bills of rights than the _________. • Parliament agrees on ______ not the king • Raise _______ • Parliament okays the raising of an ____ • Parliament and public have free _____ against the _________/ • ___________________________________ • King appoints the ______ in his place • Governor had __________ • Assemblies made _____, passed ____ paid governor’s ______ which made the governor ______ to the 8. 3. B - analyze the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burgesses to the growth of representative government _1689_ _1639_ Graphic Organizer- Signs of Democracy

Graphic Organizer- Enlightenment/Great Awakening Enlightenment 8. 3. A - explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period Where did they get their Ideas about democracy? 8. 25. B - describe religious motivation for immigration and influence on social movements, including the impact of the first and second Great Awakenings ,

8. 3. A - explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period Think and circle! Why did the colonists Establish their own Representative governments? The King encouraged it! Considered it their “religious freedom” To keep slavery legal Need for law making structure It was good for trade Long distances between England the Colonies Made it hard for England to Effectively govern To make each colony unique Colonists considered themselves Englishmen and therefore Entitled to the Englishmen’s Bill of Rights New England Colonies pressured Southern colonies into setting up Representative governments

ACE Writing Prompt: Were the colonists justified in believing democracy was their right? 8. 3. A - explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period q Answer the question Cite q (evidence, quotes, factual details, historical observations, q Explain Put in context, make inferences, Describe, draw conclusions

Name_______ Period__ Economic Geographic Social New England PEGS Political 8. 12. A - identify economic differences among different regions of the United States 8. 2. B - compare political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English col

Name_______ Period__ Economic Geographic Social Middle Colonies PEGS Political

Name_______ Period__ Economic Geographic Social Southern Colonies PEGS Political

Talk like a scholar Analyze, Categorize, Image Analysis Differentiate 8. 12. A - identify economic differences among different regions of the United States

Image Analysis

U 1 Study Guide Ap pal ach uta ian Mo Key Places ins Exploration and Colonial Era 1492 -1763 Atlantic Ocean Slavery Established The need for cheap laborers to grow cash crops encouraged white settlers to use African slaves. �Farmers grew crops on plantations in the south. Farmers used slaves to do the work so they could produce the cash crops cheaply. �Invention of cotton gin in 1793 made it even easier and cheaper to grow cotton. This required more slaves to help the farmers grow it. �As America acquired new territories, slavery became a controversial issue. 1607 — Jamestown is founded: 1 st Permanent English Settlement, (to make money, it was a business) 1620 — Plymouth was founded: Pilgrims travelled to Plymouth and signed the Mayflower Compact to establish selfgovernment (for religious freedom) Key Dates Triangle Trade Key Places Regions New England- subsistence farming, timber and ship building, fishing and whaling, manufacturing Rocky soil Middle- farmed wheat, oat, barley and rye, called the “Bread-Basket Colonies”, some trade Southern- farmed tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton, grew “cash crops” on plantations (slavery Establishing Colonies �Religious and Political Freedom �Economic Opportunity (mercantilism and opportunity to own land) Settlement of the American Colonies �New England (CT, NH, MA, RI): settled by Pilgrims (Separatists) and Puritans (Reformers) in 1620 to escape religious persecution in England (Church of England/Anglicans) �Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, PA, DE): NY was important trading area, William Penn founded PA for religious freedom (Quakers) �Southern Colonies (VA, NC, MD, SC, GA): Maryland founded by Catholics feeling religious persecution, GA was created for debtors Thomas Hooker — Founder of the state of Connecticut, “Father of American Democracy. William Penn — Established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. He sup-ported freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require residents to serve in a militia. Anne Hutchinson — Banished from Massachusetts colony; one of the founders of Rhode Island Roger Williams – Founder of Rhode Island Lord Baltimore - founded Maryland for religious freedom for Catholics John Smith - takes over Jamestown; “he that shall not work, shall not eat” Pocahontas – Daughter of. Key the Powhatan People chief nearby Jamestown, married off to

U 1 Study Guide Exploration and Colonial Era 1492 -1763 Key Places Columbian Exchange Exploration Reasons for exploration: �Religion (God) �Wealth (Gold) �Fame and International recognition (Glory) Leads to discovery of North America and eventually colonization Mercantilism Key Terms England controlled colonial trade, economic policy – colonies exist (send raw materials) to benefit the mother country Export – goods sent out of a country Import – goods brought into a country Triangular Trade o Colonial trade route between New England, the West Indies & Africa (pg. 122 in textbook) Great Awakening o Religious movement that spread through the colonies in the 1730 s & 1740 s spread democratic feelings throughout the colonies Enlightenment o Movement in Europe in the 1600 s & 1700 s that emphasized the use of reason Enlightenment thinkers: John Locke & the Baron de Montesquieu Early Beginnings of Representative Government The colonies needed to develop their own laws to keep peace and order since they were so far away from England. The colonists were familiar with English traditions and used those as a basis for their structure. Examples of early representative governments included these historical Documents: o Magna Carta, 1215, limited the power of the King of England. Inspired the idea that the power of the central government should be limited. o Mayflower Compact, 1620, an agreement signed by the men of the Mayflower to establish self-government and majority rule. o English Bill of Rights, 1689, listed individual right. Used as a model for the US Bill of Rights. o Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639, first written constitution in the colonies. The people elected governors, judges, and a legislature.

Distance from Great Britain Need for law making structure ? ? Practice Questions for U 1 Test Traditional Rights of Englishm en 1. Which of the following best explains the question mark in the diagram above? a. b. c. d. Create a general council to manage the colonies Experienced strict control by Parliament Established their own representative institutions Appointed governors who reported to the king 3. The puritans came to live in America for the purpose of… A. B. C. D. Establishing new religious communities Creating economic opportunities for England Preventing Spain from establishing its own colonies Growing new types of crops in the fertile soil 2. Which of these was a factor that led to the development of the plantation system in the South? A. The climate, triangle trade and large cash crops like rice, indigo and cotton B. The Columbian Exchange and the climate. C. Whaling, the timber industry and natural resources like iron ore D. Triangle trade, back country life and ship building 4. “For the well governing of this province and territories there shall be an Assembly yearly chosen by the freeman thereof to consist of four persons out of each county…” -William Penn, Pennsylvania Charter of Privilege, 1701 Which feature of colonial self-government does this charter establish? A. Direct Democracy B. An elected legislature C. Legalized slavery D. Religious freedom