Unit 1 Classifying Matter Notes Flow chart Pure
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Unit 1 Classifying Matter Notes
Flow chart
Pure Substances (elements and compounds) 1. EVERY SAMPLE of a given pure substance has EXACTLY THE SAME characteristic properties. a. Boiling point b. Freezing point c. Melting point d. Density 2. Can NOT BE SEPARATED by PHYSICAL means Ex: water always has a boiling point of 100 C, melting point of 0 C, freezing point of 0 C and a density of l. 00 g/ml. Other pure substances have their own individual characteristics (bp, mp, fp, density)
Mixture – 1. Not the same as a compound. Usually composed of several substances. 2. CAN be separated by PHYSICAL means 2 kinds of mixtures
1. Homogeneous mixtures – also called solutions have the same composition throughout. Ex: salt water
How Solutions are Made…
2. Heterogeneous mixtures – the composition is NOT the same throughout; Ex: blue cheese dressing, sand water, trail mix
Learning Check: Identify the following as pure substances (p) or mixtures (m): P Oxygen (O 2) ___ M Lemonade ___ M Snickers bar ___ P Distilled water ___ P Dry ice ___ M Soil ___
Learning Check: Classify the following as Homogeneous (ho) or Heterogenous mixtures (he) Ho Pure Air ___ He Salsa ___ He Chocolate chunk ice cream ___ Ho Ink ___ Ho Blood ___ He Chicken noodle soup ___
Physical Separation: Separates MIXTURES 1. Distillation – based on differences in boiling point: separating a mixture of alcohol and water. Alcohol has a lower boiling point than water so it will boil off sooner. Both substances will be retained
Physical Separation: Separates MIXTURES 2. Filtration – based on differences in solubility and particle size -liquid is passed through materials with very small holes to strain out particles.
Physical Separation: Separates MIXTURES 3. Chromatography – based on differences in polarity Example Video
Physical Separation: Separates MIXTURES 4. Magnetism – separating iron and sand
Chemical Separation: Separates COMPOUNDS Electrolysis – a method of separating compounds (pure substances). This is NOT a physical separation, but a chemical separation using electricity. Water hydrogen + oxygen
Learning Check Which method would be appropriate for separating these mixtures? Filtration ________ Sawdust and water ________ Nails and dirt Magnetism ________ Water and vinegar Distillation
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