UNIT 1 CHAPTER 2 BIOLOGIC EVOLUTION IN THE

UNIT 1 CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGIC EVOLUTION IN THE MARIANAS

BIOLOGIC EVOLUTION: KEY TERMS • Indigenous, endemic or introduced • Endangered and extinct • Island & Endemism • Types of reefs • 8 ways of arrival

INDIGENOUS SPECIES • Flora and fauna that occur naturally at a specific place but can also be found some place else in the world FLORA Mangrove (maglen lahi) Banyan (nunu) Coconut FAUNA Collared kingfisher Micronesian honeyeater

ENDEMIC SPECIES • Flora and fauna that occur naturally at a specific place and nowhere else in the world FLORA Lipstick tree (langiti) Breadfruit (dukduk) FAUNA Marianas fruit dove Yellow crown butterfly fish

INTRODUCED SPECIES • Flora and fauna that were brought to an area with the help of human activity FLORA Tangan-tangan Ironwood (gagu) FAUNA Eurasian tree sparrow Philippine turtle dove

ENDANGERED SPECIES • Flora and fauna that are threatened close to an extinction FLORA Tronkon guafi Heritiera longipetiolata FAUNA Green sea turtle Coconut crab

ENDANGERED SPECIES • Flora and fauna that no longer exists FLORA FAUNA Mariana mallard Guam rail

ISLAND ENDEMISM • Reproductive isolation • No breeding leaving character traits not normally expressed develop and become prominent as species adapt to environment • Small gene pool • Causes interbreeding with traits not normally expressed develop opening the window to a new species • Lack of predation • Adaptation that might not last in the presence of a variety of predations (loss of flight of the Marianas mallard)

TYPES OF REEF • Fringing • Grows along the fringes of an island • Barrier • Grows up and out and is separated by a lagoon

EIGHT WAYS OF ARRIVAL • Swimming • Floating • Hitchhiking • Gut transport • Blown by wind • Flying • Rafting • Human-aided