UNIT 1 BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES Chapter 3 Chemistry COMPOSITION

UNIT 1: BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES Chapter 3: Chemistry

COMPOSITION OF MATTER • Matter: Anything that occupies __________ and has _______. • Mass: The quantity of _________ an object has. • Weight: The pull of ________ on the _____ of an object.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER • Atom: Fundamental unit of __________. • Subatomic Particles: • Nucleus: Consists of _________, which have a _____ charge, and __________, which have a ____ charge. • Electrons: Orbit the _______ and have a _____ charge. • An atom has an equal number of ________ and _________.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER • Elements: Substances that cannot be broken down ___________ into _________ kinds of matter. There are _______ elements, _______ are found in nature. • Atomic Number: Number of _________ in an element. • Mass Number: Sum of ________ and _______ in an atom.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER • Compounds: Consist of atoms of ______ elements that joined by _________ bonds. The __________ of individual atoms are fixed. A compound differs in ________ and ________ properties from the elements that compose it. • Ionic Bond: __________ and __________ charges attract each other. • Covalent Bond: Two atoms ______ one or more pairs of _______. • Molecule: Group of atoms held together by _________ bonds.

MIXTURES • Mixture: Combined substances that __________ their original chemical properties. • Solution: A _______ in which one or more substances are ___________________ in another substance. • Solute: What is being ___________. • Solvent: The ___________ agent. • Concentration: A measurement of the amount of ________ dissolved in a fixed amount of solution. The more _________ dissolved, the greater the concentration of the solution.

MIXTURES • Suspension: A _________ in which _________ spread through a ____________ or _______ but settle out over time. Particles in a suspension are _______ than ______ particles in a solution.

MIXTURES • Colloids: _________ in which ________ do not settle out over time. Particles in a colloid are ____________ in size between particles in a solution and those in a suspension.

MIXTURES • The health and functioning of a living thing depend on the _________ makeup both of the organism’s _______ environment and of the ___________ environment. An important aspect of this is its _________ or __________. • Acidity = hydronium ion • Alkalinity = hydroxide ion • Water is neutral (same amount of ______ ion and _______ ion).

MIXTURES • Acid Solution: A solution that contains more _________ ions than ___________ ions (i. e. HCl) • Base Solution: A solution that contains more _________ ions than ___________ ions (i. e. Na. OH) • p. H Scale: A scale for measuring the relative concentrations of __________ ions and __________ ions in a solution. Ranges from 0 (________) to 14 (_________).

ENERGY • Energy: The ability to do _______. Work is the ________ of a ______. • • • Light Energy Heat Energy Electrical Energy Chemical Energy Mechanical Energy can be ___________ from one form to another.

ENERGY • Potential Energy: __________ energy. • Kinetic Energy: Energy of ________. Kinetic energy of ______ or ___________ of a substance determines its _____. • Gas • Liquid • Solid

ENERGY • Chemical Reaction: The process of ________ chemical bonds or ____________ new bonds or both. • ______________ • Chemical Equation: Show ________ change during chemical reactions.

ENERGY • Activation Energy: Amount of energy required for a reaction to _______. • Exothermic Reaction: Net _________ of energy. • Endothermic Reaction: Net __________ of energy.