Unit 1 Biochem Concept 2 Biologically Important Molecules

Unit 1: Biochem Concept 2: Biologically Important Molecules, Macromolecules big

Terms: Polymer – long chain substance made up of smaller molecules linked by covalent bonds Monomer – the smaller molecules that make up a polymer

Carbohydrates O contain C, H and O almost always in a ratio of 1: 1: 2 (C: H: O). O general formula is (CH 2 O)x # of Carbon atoms x represents the O most common human examples are sugars and starches that store energy that is readily available to the body O many OH groups that create polar molecules and are easily dissolved in H 2 O

Monosacchrides O have one carbon based ring O known as simple sugars O many simple sugars have the same molecular formula (C 6 H 12 O 6) but different structural formula – this is an isomer O ex. Glucose, fructose, galactose

Disacchrides O sugars composed of 2 monosacchrides bonded by a covalent bond called a glycosidic linkage O ex. Table sugar sucrose glucose + fructose Lactose galactose + Glucose

Polysacchrides O many monosacchrides joined by glycosidic links O polysacchride storage of glucose in animals (glycogen)and plants (starch) only differs in the number and type of branching O cellulose is a structural polysacchride in plants, a different linkage between glucoses makes cellulose indigestable to humans See images in text book

Lipids With a partner, using post its, jot down some answers for the following Q’s. Put each Q on a different post it. 1. 2. 3. 4. What is one of the first things you think of when you hear the word fat in relation to foods or biology. How are fats important or vital to humans and other organisms? Where do we hear about fats the most and in what context? Look at a container of food, what do you know about the information listed on the container in relation to fats? Using your textbook and the tools we talked about complete the lipids handout. Use pgs 21 -24 in your text.