Understanding your DNA results KELLI BERGHEIMER MESS ON

Understanding your DNA results KELLI BERGHEIMER MESS ON THE DESK

Cautionary tale Adoption Illegitimacy You may be a different ethnicity You might be a different race Can you handle the results? If you aren’t who you think? If your parents or grandparents aren’t who you think? If someone contacts you because they were adopted? My cousin who wasn’t

DNA is part of the story DNA is only part of the story Still need genealogical research Still need to learn the culture and stories of lives of people Still need records and photos and documents

Why add DNA testing to your toolkit? Not a popular thought, but your family tree could be wrong! It’s scientifically accepted that the NPE rate is about 1 -2% per generation. DNA testing can provide clues to correct these errors. Source: Blaine Bettinger

What is DNA?

What IS DNA? Deoxyribonucleic Acid mitochondria

chromosomes

Three Steps to Success Organize Analyze Look for Patterns

How are you a match with someone else?

Matches Each location tested is called a SNP – single-nucleotide polymorphism (a change at a single point in the genetic code). Sites in the genome where the DNA sequences of many individuals vary by a single base are called single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Matches Where two individuals share in common a number of consecutive SNPs, it can be projected that they share a segment of DNA at that part of their genomes. If the segment is longer than a threshold amount set by the testing company, then these two individuals are considered to be a match.

SNPs Source: genomics education initiative

3 kinds of Genealogical DNA tests

Which tests which DNA?

y-test

Y-DNA Test Y-DNA (only men have y-DNA) Tests the male line only – sometimes called surname line Y-chromosome passed on from generation to generation from grandfather to son Y-DNA remains unchanged for tens of thousands of years Y-DNA has about 58 million base pairs

Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree Haplogroup is a genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on the patrilineal or matrilineal line. Y-DNA haplogroup tree (A- Africa to R- European) A 00 is the oldest haplogroup [y-DNA Adam]

Y-DNA Mutations = Different Lines of a Family Source: DNA-explained. com

Accumulating Genetic Distance In the span of time between 1478 and 2004, this grouping of Kenney/Kenny families has accumulated 4 distinct lines as you can see across the bottom of the diagram, line 3 with no mutations, line 1 with 2 mutations, and two other lines with only one mutation each, but those mutations are not in the same location so they are easily differentiated in descendants testing today. These are called “line marker” mutations and allow testers to quickly and easily see which line of the Kenny family they descend from. Source: DNA-explained. com

What do the results tell me? Haplogroup predictor: http: //www. hprg. com/hapest 5/ Same haplogroup + Identical (almost) STR results = Match with common ancestor

Y-DNA Results- Christopher Haplogroup I-M 253

Genetic Distance = number of mismatches Maximum allowed? YDNA 12 = 0 -1 YDNA 25 = 0 -2 YDNA 37 = 0 -4 YDNA 67 = 0 -7 YDNA 111 = 0 -10 What’s a promising Y-DNA Match Start at 37+ markers: 0 -2

Might be advised to buy SNP tests- MORE $$

How do I use y-DNA results? Join a y-DNA surname group. Work on your genealogical tree– paternal line. Use other surnames of your full matches for clues. Look at locations of known matches. If someone has the exact same y-DNA as your full sequence, they are in your father’s, father’s father, father’s father line.

How can I learn more? Surname Groups Y-DNA Geographic Projects Y-DNA Haplogroup Projects Let the group volunteer administrators help you!

mt-test

Mitochondrial DNA Test MT-DNA (everyone has mt-DNA from their mother) Tests the mother’s DNA from grandmother to daughter Mitochondrial DNA remains unchanged for tens of thousands of years Mitochondrial DNA has about 16, 569 base pairs

Mitochondrial DNA Approximately 15, 000 -17, 000 base pairs 37 genes in total: 9 genes on L-strand (light strand with more cytosine) and 28 genes on H-strand (heavy strand with more guanine)

Total 16, 540 Regions HVR 1: 16001 – 16540 HVR 2: 1 – 580 FMS (Full Mitochondria Sequence) – 1 -16540 CRS – Cambridge Reference Sequence -1981 (r. CRS – 1999) RSRS- Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence - 2012

Mitochondrial haplogroup tree L 1 is the oldest haplogroup [mt-DNA Eve] Source: https: //www. wikitree. com/wiki/Space: Major_Y-DNA_and_mt. DNA_Haplogroups

mt-DNA matches- Christopher Haplogroup K 2 a A genetic difference of 0 is a promising mt-DNA match.

mt-DNA matches- Kelli Haplogroup T 1 a 3 a

Join a mt-DNA project

mt-DNA projects T 1 a 3 a does not have a mt-DNA project. Start a new one! Don’t forget to Google your haplogroup.

What do the results tell me? Kelli

How do I use mt-DNA results? Join a mitochondrial haplogroup study. Work on your genealogical tree– maternal line. Use other surnames of your full matches for clues. Look at locations of known matches. If someone has the exact same mt-DNA as your full sequence, they are in your mother, mother’s mother, mother’s mother line.

at-test

Autosomal DNA Test at-DNA (a small sample of each of the other 22 pairs of chromosomes) Approximately 700, 000 locations are tested of the 3. 2 billion base pairs

Ancestor Relationships

Percent matches (ISOGG)

What do Percentages mean?

When You get your results…

What’s a promising at-DNA Matches over 1% 2 nd – 3 rd cousins 3 rd – 4 th cousins

View your matches

Three options

Shared matches

Some of the tools– mother and father filters

Matches on Ged. Match

Matches on Ged. Match Total c. M = 14. 6 + 25. 6 + 47. 6 + 11. 7 + 18. 8 + 8. 6 = 126. 9 c. M

Ethnicity

Ethnicity charts- based on population genetics and reference samples

Ethnicity

Download ancestry DNA matches to excel Ancestry. DNA Helper- Free from Chrome Store

Change CVS file to Excel

Download raw DNA data file

Upload to Ged. Match— raw DNA and GEDCOM

Free tools on Ged. Match

How to paste from Ged. Match to Excel Select all (ctrl + A) from Ged. Match Open Excel Copy (ctrl + C) to Excel Highlight and delete extra rows (click on the row number, then right click > delete) Spread out the rows, change font sizes to your taste

Additional/3 rd Party Tools & Matching 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Upload, transfer to FTDNA (Y & at. DNA) Upload Y-DNA to Ysearch. org Upload mt. DNA to Mitosearch. org Ged. Match. com (FTDNA, Ancesty, 23 and. Me) (Free) Ged. Match. com Tier 1 ($10. 00 30 days) DNAGedcom. com (FTDNA, Ancestry, 23 and. Me) (Free) DNAGedcom Client ($5. 00 monthly or $50 Annual) Promethease. com ($5. 00 Health report) Ancestry. DNA Helper – Chrome ext. (Free)

Learn More- ISOGG

Learn More at a DIG group COLUMBUS, DAYTON, CINCINNATI

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