Understanding Verb Forms What are the principal parts

Understanding Verb Forms What are the principal parts of verbs? Regular verbs Irregular verbs Review A Review B

What are the principal parts of verbs? Verbs change forms to fit different uses, much as people change clothes to fit different situations. He wears stripes for the game. He has worn a uniform before. He wore a tuxedo for his wedding.

What are the principal parts of verbs? Verbs have four principal parts, each of which performs a different function. Base Form Present Participle Past Participle More about participles begin join [is] beginn ing [is] join ing beg a n join ed [have] beg u n [have] join ed

What are the principal parts of verbs? These principal parts are used to form all the different verb tenses. Base Form Present Participle Past Participle They always begin on time. They are beginning now. They began early yesterday. They have begun already.

Regular verbs A regular verb generally forms its past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the base form. Base Form Past Participle bake d [have] bake d happen ed [have] happen ed The present participle is formed by adding –ing. Present Participle happen ing

Regular verbs A few regular verbs have alternative past and past participle forms that end in -t. Base Form Past burn Past Participle burn ed or dream burn t dream ed or dream t [have] burn ed or [have] burn t [have] dream ed or [have] dream t

Regular verbs On Your Own Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of the italicized verb, as indicated in parentheses. 1. A rolling, green meadow (stretch) before them. (past) 2. The class is (paint) a mural for the hallway. (present participle) 3. Have you (revise) your essay yet? (past participle) 4. The cat (jump) onto the counter and knocked over a glass of juice. (past) 5. We are (conduct) a survey. (present participle) [End of Section]

Irregular verbs Some verbs do not fit the regular pattern. An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in some way other than by adding –d or –ed. Base Form Past Participle swim sw a m [have] sw u m burst [have] burst

Irregular verbs Changing vowels 1. Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing vowels. Base Form Past Participle drink dr a nk [have] dr u nk Other verbs that change vowels become became [have] become find found [have] found meet met [have] met ring rang [have] rung

Irregular verbs Changing consonants 2. Other irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing consonants. Base Form Past Participle make ma d e [have] ma d e Other verbs that change consonants build built [have] built heard [have] heard lent [have] lent spend spent [have] spent

Irregular verbs Changing vowels and consonants 3. Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing both vowels and consonants. Base Form Past see s aw Past Participle [have] s een Other verbs that change vowels and consonants buy bought [have] bought break broke [have] broken feel felt [have] felt go went [have] gone

Irregular verbs No change 4. A few irregular verbs make no change at all in their past and past participle forms. Base Form Past Participle set [have] set Other verbs that make no change burst [have] burst cost [have] cost hurt [have] hurt read [have] read

Irregular verbs On Your Own Give the correct form (past or past participle) of each verb in parentheses. 1. I bought the tickets even though they ____ too much. (cost) 2. Greg has finally ____ the answer. (find) 3. Dad has ____ Rusty to visit the veterinarian. (take) 4. The girls ____ hats for the nature hike. (wear) 5. She ____ everything she could to help us. (do) [End of Section]

Review A Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of each italicized verb, as indicated in parentheses. 1. Have you ever (fly) a Japanese dragon kite? (past participle) 2. We (see) three movies last weekend. (past) 3. Bill is (cut) the fabric for the drapes. (present participle) 4. The pitcher (throw) the ball to the first baseman. (past) 5. The government class has (go) to observe the city council in session. (past participle)

Review B The following sentences contain nonstandard or misspelled verb forms. Identify each error, and provide the standard form of the verb. 1. As soon as the robin was well, we letted it go free. 2. Can you believe Mary has never rode a roller coaster? 3. Mrs. Romero begun her career as soon as she finished college. 4. The crowded roots of the plant have bursted the ceramic flowerpot. 5. Tasha would have sang the song if we had asked her to. [End of Section]

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