Understanding the Relationship between Social Media Use and
Understanding the Relationship between Social Media Use and Depression: A Systematic Review Jian Mou School of Business Pusan National University Jian. mou@pusan. ac. kr Morad Benyoucef Telfer School of Management University of Ottawa benyoucef@telfer. uottawa. ca 2020. 08. 10 -14 AMCIS 2020, Salt Lake City, America Wenlong Zhu Business School Qingdao University of Technology zhuwenlong 1985@163. com Jongki Kim School of Business Pusan National University jkkim 1@pusan. ac. kr 1
Contents • Introduction • Literature Review • Research Method • Methodology • Discussion • Limitations 2
Introduction: Background Social media is an emerging interpersonal communication platform in this century. With its widespread application, it has become an indispensable tool of individual’s life. 3
Introduction: Background Depression is a negative emotional experience characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest/pleasure in most activities. As a psychological problem, it can be cured through psychological intervention or counseling. 4
Introduction: Some celebrities with depression 5
Introduction: Global Prevalence of Depressive Individuals, by Age and Sex 9. 00% 8. 00% 7. 00% 6. 00% 5. 00% female 4. 00% male 3. 00% 2. 00% 1. 00% 0. 00% 15 -19 20 -24 25 -29 30 -34 35 -39 40 -44 Source: Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 45 -49 50 -54 55 -59 60 -64 65 -69 70 -74 75 -79 80+ 6
Introduction: Research Objective So far, there abundant studies on the relationship between social media use and depression, it is undeniable that there are differences in their findings. In this case, the relationship between social media use and depression may become more complex and its underlying issues more diverse. In this regard, what is the relationship between social media use and depression in the field of information systems? 7
Introduction: Researches on the Relationship between Social Media Use and Depression 400 80 362 350 70 332 68. 5 300 60 270 250 50 44. 2 200 30. 1 100 0 40 163 150 50 212 59 56 51 7. 2 2010 113 30 27. 4 23 9 5. 4 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Growth rate(%) 20 13 9. 8 Literatures 2019 10 0 8
Introduction: Research Contents This study systematically analyzes the existing literature on the relationship between social media use and depression in the field of information systems. A systematic review method is used to review and evaluate the existing research. We summarize and discuss the relevant studies and attempt to explain the possible reasons for the above-mentioned inconsistencies in research finding. 9
Introduction: Contribution This study conducts a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the relationship between social media use and depression. First, we review the impact of social media use on depression in terms of its causality and significance. Second, we analyze the effects of depression on social media use based on different depression measuring scales. Third, we evaluate the association and interaction between social media use and depression according to the existing literature. 10
Literature Review: Social Media Use Measurement of social media use Indicators Platform types Specific contents Frequency, intensity, time spent, number of friends, etc. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Microblog, etc. Active use (refers to the “information generation” related behaviors on social Usage types media, such as frequently updating personal information, sharing links, etc. ); Passive use (is a one-way information browsing behavior, with less updates or comments, and less interaction with others) Usage content status updates, taking photos, responding to or commenting on others’ content, etc. 11
Literature Review: Depression Authors Definition of depression Depression is a negative emotion, with low mood as the main Selkie et al. (2015) manifestation, which can bring serious social, economic and individual burdens Angolod and Rutter (1992) Depression is the fluctuation of individual mood from normal to low Depression is a negative emotion, which would bring negative Harrington et is al. measured (1998) effects • Depression using four scales: Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), on individuals’ normal life and even damage the motivation and emotional function of individuals Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). 12
Research Method: Literature Search This study obtained papers in the field of information systems from several databases, namely the Web of Science, Emerald, JSTOR, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis Online and Wiley Online Library. In every database, we adopted the following keyword search format: (social network OR social media OR web 2. 0 OR SNS OR Facebook OR microblog OR Twitter OR Instagram OR Linked. In) AND (depression OR depressive). Moreover, we set the search date to June 2019 and before. 13
Research Method: Search Number Databases Publication quantity after first screening Publication quantity after second screening Web of Science 21 1 Emerald 18 1 JSTOR 6 3 Science Direct 178 16 Taylor & Francis Online 2 2 Wiley Online Library 2 1 Total publications 227 24 14
Results: The Effect of Social Media Use on Depression Some studies believed that social media use can lead to an increased level of depression in individuals. Furthermore, this positive may be mediated or moderated by certain factors such as social media fatigue, social connectedness, and so forth. However, some authors indicated that social media use had a negative significant impact on depression. Moreover, this negative influence was mediated by some factors. 15
Results: The Effect of Depression on Social Media Use Some scholars claimed that depression had a positive significant effect on social media use. Furthermore, some researchers realized that depression could have a complex impact on social media use. 16
Results: The Association and Interaction between Social Media Use and Depression Some researchers found a positive association between social media use and depression. In addition, others believed that the correlation between them was moderated by factors such as age, personality, etc. . In the research on the interaction effects between social media use and depression, the number of studies is rather limited. The reason is that it is difficult to clearly assume which one is the starting point for the interaction between the two variables. 17
Discussion The possible reasons for the inconsistencies in the following five aspects. (1) The measurement indicators of social media use in different studies are not completely consistent. (2) Depression is measured in different ways. (3) The population segments of social media users are different. (4) The mediating factors or moderating factors are different. (5) Most of the studies are approached as a cross-sectional survey. 18
Limitations First, the number of publications analyzed is rather small. Due to the focus on the field of information systems and depression emotion, only 24 papers were considered after searching and screening. Second, among these 24 publications, each study has its own limitations. Affected by these limitations, the analysis results of this study may be biased. 19
Thank you for your attention! Questions? Dr. Jian Mou Jian. mou@pusan. ac. kr 20
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