Understanding the Physiological Links Between Physical Frailty and

Understanding the Physiological Links Between Physical Frailty and Cognitive Decline Lina Ma, Piu Chan 1 Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China 2 China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing, China 3 Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China 4 Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson&#x 02019; s Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China Figure 1. The model of cognitive frailty. Physical frailty and cognitive impairment have the same etiology, and might share the same mechanisms, which lead to adverse health outcomes. The decline in physical reserve and cognitive function contribute to frailty and cognitive impairment separately. Cognitive frailty is the combination of frailty and cognitive impairment in absence of dementia, which is further divided into reversible cognitive frailty DOI: 10. 14336/AD. 2019. 0521 (prefrailty and subjective cognitive decline) and potentially reversible cognitive frailty (physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment). Abbreviations: CF, cognitive frailty; SCD, subjective cognitive decline; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer&#x 00027; s disease.