Understanding Sedimentation and Land Use Cover Relationships in

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Understanding Sedimentation and Land Use Cover Relationships in the Lake Sidney Lanier Watershed Russell

Understanding Sedimentation and Land Use Cover Relationships in the Lake Sidney Lanier Watershed Russell A. Lundstrum Natural Resources Specialist, Park Ranger Lake Sidney Lanier, Buford Dam MGIS Program, Pennsylvania State University Capstone Project July 2009 - February 2010 Rev. 7 US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG®

Lake Sidney Lanier § Located 60 miles north of Atlanta, GA § Buford Dam

Lake Sidney Lanier § Located 60 miles north of Atlanta, GA § Buford Dam built in 1952 ► Filled to full pool in 1957 § Over 15, 000 adjacent land owners ► 10, 000 private docks § Source of drinking water for 3. 5 million people § Over 7. 5 million visitors to the lake annually BUILDING STRONG®

Lake Level Action Zones Above 1071’: Flood Water Storage Zone 1: Normal Operation Zone

Lake Level Action Zones Above 1071’: Flood Water Storage Zone 1: Normal Operation Zone 2: Reduced Hydropower, Limited Navigation Zone 3: Reduced Hydropower, Severely Limited Navigation Zone 4: Hydropower at Minimum, Little/No Navigation Below 1035’: Unable to Generate Power, “dead storage” http: //water. sam. usace. army. mil BUILDING STRONG®

Vital Statistics § § § 692 miles of shoreline 39, 038 acres of water

Vital Statistics § § § 692 miles of shoreline 39, 038 acres of water 17, 726 acres of land 41 USACE parks 10 Marinas ► 10, 000+ Boats § 13 County and City Parks § 6 State Parks BUILDING STRONG®

Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (ACF) BUILDING STRONG®

Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (ACF) BUILDING STRONG®

Upper Chattahoochee Watershed 9 counties 1, 034 square miles 60 square miles of that

Upper Chattahoochee Watershed 9 counties 1, 034 square miles 60 square miles of that is the lake itself 2, 240 miles of streams* 3, 909 miles of roads** *USGS NHD dataset **Tele. Atlas 2009 BUILDING STRONG®

Research Questions § How has land use changed in the watershed? § How much

Research Questions § How has land use changed in the watershed? § How much sediment has accumulated in Lake Sidney Lanier? § Is there a correlation between sediment accumulation and land-cover change in the Lake Sidney Lanier watershed? BUILDING STRONG®

Study Area Selection § 44 Sub-watersheds Drain to Lake Sidney Lanier § 4 Selected,

Study Area Selection § 44 Sub-watersheds Drain to Lake Sidney Lanier § 4 Selected, Based On: ► Sufficient Sedimentation Range data • Max. Accumulation • Max. Erosion • No Change ► Visual Analysis of Land Cover Change • New Neighborhoods • More Roads • Forested Areas Longwood Cove, Lake Sidney Lanier 130, 000 cubic yards of silt removed BUILDING STRONG®

Sediment Affects… § § Recreation Wildlife Water Supply Water Quality BUILDING STRONG®

Sediment Affects… § § Recreation Wildlife Water Supply Water Quality BUILDING STRONG®

Sub-watershed Study Areas 404 801 808 804 BUILDING STRONG®

Sub-watershed Study Areas 404 801 808 804 BUILDING STRONG®

Study Area Summary USGS HUC ID: 404 801 808 804 14, 795 15, 806

Study Area Summary USGS HUC ID: 404 801 808 804 14, 795 15, 806 13, 356 16, 642 North end. Gainesville Southwest. Cumming Southeast. Flowery Branch 5 4 3 4 856 1, 199 850 707 517 (4. 6%) 600 (3. 8%) 535 (4. 0%) 373 (2. 2%) Protected* (acres) 506 (3. 4%) 668 (4. 2%) 266 (2. 0%) 507 (3. 1%) Recreation* (acres) 125 (0. 8%) 849 (5. 4%) 476 (3. 6%) 516 (3. 1%) Size (acres) Location Sedimentation Ranges Docks Limited Development* (acres) *USACE Allocation Zones BUILDING STRONG®

Data Discussion § Land cover ► Georgia Land Use Trends (GLUT, University of Georgia,

Data Discussion § Land cover ► Georgia Land Use Trends (GLUT, University of Georgia, Athens, GA) ► Collected 1974, 1991, 2005 § Sedimentation Range ► Cross section bathymetric surveys ► Located in various creeks impounded by the reservoir ► Three data sets: 1956, 1983, 1990 BUILDING STRONG®

Land Cover Beaches, Dunes, Mud Open Water Low Intensity Urban High Intensity Urban Clear

Land Cover Beaches, Dunes, Mud Open Water Low Intensity Urban High Intensity Urban Clear cut, Sparse Quarries, Strip Mines Deciduous Forest Evergreen Forest Mixed Forest Row Crops and Pasture Forested Wetland Non-forested Wetland-Fresh Sub-watershed HUC 808 Cumming, GA, 1991 BUILDING STRONG®

Data Discussion § Land cover ► Georgia Land Use Trends (GLUT, University of Georgia

Data Discussion § Land cover ► Georgia Land Use Trends (GLUT, University of Georgia ► Collected 1974, 1991, 2005 § Sedimentation Range ► Cross section bathymetric surveys across lake ► Located in various creeks impounded by the lake ► Three data sets: 1956, 1983, 1990 BUILDING STRONG®

Sedimentation Ranges SR#33 A Survey, 1990 BUILDING STRONG®

Sedimentation Ranges SR#33 A Survey, 1990 BUILDING STRONG®

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Significant Dates for Project Data § 1956 Sedimentation Range Survey, Baseline § 1957 Lake

Significant Dates for Project Data § 1956 Sedimentation Range Survey, Baseline § 1957 Lake Lanier filled to full pool § 1974 Georgia Land Use Trends Cover § 1983 Sedimentation Range Survey § 1990 Sedimentation Range Survey § 1991 Georgia Land Use Trends Cover § 2005 Georgia Land Use Trends Cover BUILDING STRONG®

Methods Land cover change ► Visual analysis ► Raster analysis • Impervious surfaces •

Methods Land cover change ► Visual analysis ► Raster analysis • Impervious surfaces • Forested areas • Urban/suburban areas Sediment Range ► Drastic increases or decreases in sediment ► Identify areas that have certain characteristics • Strong increase • Strong decrease • No change How do the land cover and sediment range data correlate? BUILDING STRONG®

Research Relevance § Effect of silt on lake operations ► Reduces hydropower capacity •

Research Relevance § Effect of silt on lake operations ► Reduces hydropower capacity • Minimal impact ► ► § Effects recreation, wildlife • Shallow water in marinas • Turbid water in creeks and coves Can impact flood storage • Estimated $2 billion in real estate between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek Effects municipal water supply ► ► ► Reduces water storage capacity Diffuser pipes become clogged Additional water treatment for turbid water (minimal on this lake) BUILDING STRONG®

Research Relevance § § Effect of silt on lake operations ► Reduces hydropower capacity

Research Relevance § § Effect of silt on lake operations ► Reduces hydropower capacity • Minimal impact ► Effects recreation, wildlife • Shallow water in marinas • Turbid water in creeks and coves ► Can impact flood storage • Estimated $2 billion in real estate between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek Effects municipal water supply ► ► ► Reduces water storage capacity Diffuser pipes become clogged Additional water treatment for turbid water (minimal on this lake) BUILDING STRONG®

Research Relevance § Effect of silt on lake operations ► ► ► § Reduces

Research Relevance § Effect of silt on lake operations ► ► ► § Reduces hydropower capacity • Minimal impact Effects recreation, wildlife • Shallow water in marinas • Turbid water in creeks and coves Can impact flood storage • Estimated $2 billion in real estate between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek Effects municipal water supply ► ► ► Reduces water storage capacity Diffuser pipes become clogged Additional water treatment for turbid water (minimal on this lake) Flooding in Mableton, GA, September 2009 Map of home value below Buford Dam BUILDING STRONG®

Research Relevance § Effect of silt on lake operations ► ► ► § Reduces

Research Relevance § Effect of silt on lake operations ► ► ► § Reduces hydropower capacity • Minimal impact Effects recreation, wildlife • Shallow water in marinas • Turbid water in creeks and coves Can impact flood storage • Estimated $2 billion in real estate between Buford Dam and Peachtree Creek Effects municipal water supply ► ► ► Reduces water storage capacity Diffuser pipes become clogged Additional water treatment for turbid water (minimal on this lake) BUILDING STRONG®

Timeline 2009 ► ► ► July: Research Started August: Proposal Rough Drafts September: Online

Timeline 2009 ► ► ► July: Research Started August: Proposal Rough Drafts September: Online Proposal Presentation October: Start Research Analysis November: GIS Day Presentation December: Continue Research Analysis 2010 ► ► ► January: Draft Analysis Findings February 9 -11: Final Presentation, USACE South Atlantic Division Ranger Conference in Savannah, GA March: Project Revisions April: Final MGIS Wrap-up May 15: Graduate June: Present Documents and Research Findings to USACE BUILDING STRONG®

Thank you for your time! Questions? BUILDING STRONG®

Thank you for your time! Questions? BUILDING STRONG®