Understanding four and FiveYear Olds Chapter 7 Physical

Understanding four and Five-Year. Olds. Chapter 7

Physical Development in Four and Five year Olds • Physical skills become easier partly because body proportions are changing. • Compared to their total height, toddlers have fairly short legs. • By the age of five, in most children, legs constitute for about half of the height of the child. • Their bones are becoming harder and stronger. • Their permanent teeth are forming beneath their gums.

Gross Motor Development • Late in the fourth year, many children may begin learning how to skip. • Older four-year-olds many also be riding a bike without training wheels. • Five year olds can also walk forwards and backwards on a balance beam. • They can jump from table height and land on both feet. • Throwing and catching skills also improve during these years.

Fine Motor Development • They find it easier to string beads and work with small game or puzzles. •

Self Help Skills: • Preschoolers can dress and undress themselves. • Most can tell the difference between the front abd the back of clothing. • By 4 most children can buckle belts and close zippers. Between four and five children can distinguish between the left and right shoe and tie shoes.

Cognitive Development of Preschoolers. • They make great gains in understanding the world around them. • Four and five year old have language skills to describe what they see and remember. • Children have better recognition than recall skills.

• WHAT KIND OF MEMORY DO YOU HAVE ?

Language Comprehension Skills • New words related to space increase their understanding. These include words such at: beside, above below, behind, and around. • Children have a better understanding between the singular and the plural. • Children start to understand the passive voice.

Language Skills READING; Expressive Skills: • This ability increases as children learn to understand symbols. • They can recognize their own names • Articulation: is the ability to speak in clearly pronounced sounds. Articulation tends to improve at ages four and five. • Some preschoolers suffer from stuttering. Stuttering includes repeating sounds or words and pausing for unusually long times while speaking.

Language Skills Vocabulary: Grammar: • Most four and five year olds have about 1, 500 words in their vocabularies. Five-year -olds have about 2, 000. • They use some irregular verbs as ate, ran, and went properly. These children still put –ed at the end of words occasionally.

SOCIAL DVELOPMENT: EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMET; Companionship • Companionship is important to preschoolers. Friendships , attention and appreciation is important as well. • Children are becoming more independent of adults. They like to play on their own or without other kids. • Chilren this age start to value friendship and have very few friends. They also prefer friends of the same sex. • Over one third of children in this age group play alone. • Four and five year olds begin to realize new ways of showing love and caring. • Children I this age group start to develop a sense of humor. Laughter becomes a way of expressing their happiness. • FEAR; • Fears are sill common, but most only last a few months. Causes of fears change during this state. These children are still afraid of imagined creatures, such as monsters and ghost.

Social Development ANGER/ JEALOUSY; SADNESS • These children have less reasons to be angry. They become angry is they cannot achieve their goals. • These children are most likely to become jealous of a new sibling; brother or sister. • Four and five year olds start to learn that some situations are sad. They become aware of they concept of death.

TEACHING FOUR AND FIVE YEAR OLDS. • Because these children like to help, you need to carefully select helpers. Choosing the same few helpers time after time can make others feel unimportant.