Understanding Basic Concepts in DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction

Understanding Basic Concepts in DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction Network Philippines ( DRRNetphils)

The Philippines – a disaster risk epicenter

EARTHQUAKE GENERATORS OF THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO

• Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic hazards NDCC

PHILIPPINE SEISMICITY Magnitude 4 or greater 1907 - present

DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES OF THE PHILIPPINES

HAZARDS IN THE Eastern VISAYAS • • Typhoons Floods / Storm Surges Landslides Tsunami Drought Earthquakes Epidemics Agricultural (Infestations )

• Archipelagic nature of the Philippine coastal areas - increases susceptibility to storm surges, tsunamis and sea level changes. • Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic hazards • Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean – monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La Niña • Floods are common due to rains brought by typhoons and the monsoon.

• Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean – monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La Niña

NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN) TROPICAL CYCLONE L L SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT) INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

Vulnerability in Southeast Asia • A January 2009 mapping study done by Dr. Arief Anshory Yusuf and Dr. Herminia Francisco of the Singapore-based Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia shows the vulnerability of Southeast Asia alone shows alarming trends.

Millions of Filipinos are at risk.

• The Philippines ranks number one in the whole world in terms of number of reported disaster events within 2009. • In 2009 the Philippines ranked second in terms of population affected by natural disasters and third in the world in terms of number of people killed. (Source: CRED EM Data, Human Impact of Disasters, 2009).

Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

Disaster Risk Management • a range of activities that contribute to increasing capacities and reducing immediate and long-term vulnerabilities to prevent or at least minimize damaging impact in a community

Disaster Risk Management Activities a) • • • Before the disaster Prevention Mitigation Preparedness b) During the disaster – emergency reliefs and responses c) • • After the disaster Recovery: rehabilitation and reconstruction “Building back better

Disaster Risk Reduction • It is a proactive approach to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks to minimize loss of life, livelihood and property. • DRR incorporates aspects of good governance, sustainable development, risk (natural; human; and climate risks) assessments, knowledge and education, risk management, vulnerability reduction, disaster preparedness and response – guided by principles of human rights and security, gender equity and equality, cultural sensitivity and empowering participation. • It has been said that every $1 spent on risk reduction saves between $5 and $10 in economic losses from disasters (Eric Schwartz (UN Deputy Secretary General)).

DRRM Framework

Traditional Disaster Cycle Mitigation, Prevention, and Preparedness §Formation & training of local disaster committees §Early Warning Systems §Engineering Mitigation §Evacuation Routes §Risk Mapping Disaster Pre-Disaster Phase Reconstruction Long-Term Response §Road reconstruction §Social infrastructure reconstruction §Resumption of Production Short-Term Response §Search & Rescue §Emergency Food and Water §Temporary Shelter §Bridges The Natural Disaster Cycle Emergency Phase Rehabilitation Medium-Term Response §Transitional Housing §Provisional Social Services §Road Clearing §Income Generation §Water System Rehabilitation

Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework Conceptual Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR

NOON DAPAT NGAYON Disasters are unforeseen events Disasters can be prevented. We can prepare to which cannot be prevented. avoid and reduce damage and loss. Stress is on emergency response and recovery Stress is on disaster risk reduction & management activities before the disaster – on prevention, mitigation & preparedness People affected by disasters are helpless victims and passive recipients of external aid. • People affected by disasters are active actors in reducing their vulnerabilities, in emergency response and rebuilding their lives and livelihood. • People’s existing capacities are used and strengthened to reduce disaster risk and vulnerabilities Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

NOON DAPAT NGAYON Disaster management is the sole responsibility of the NDCC, local DCCs and specialists such as the scientist, economist, social worker, government and NGOs • Recognition of the importance of community participation. Disaster risk management is everybody’s responsibility. • Stress on building capacity at the national, local & community levels for an integrated, multi-stakeholder and responsive disaster management system. Focus on physical and material aid and technical solutions Covers material, economic, social , environmental motivational aspects to reduce vulnerability Focus on individual households • Focus on individuals, family and community risk reduction. • Linked to community development. Donors (outsiders) decide on what The community participates in decision making the families and community need. to prioritize needs and risk reduction solutions. The aim of disaster management is to reduce immediate suffering and meet emergency needs. The aim of DRRM is to reduce people’s vulnerabilities and increase capacities to better prepare and cope with disasters. Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

Republic Act No. 10121 “The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010” (Approved on May 27, 2010; Effective on June 24, 2010) * DRRM Act Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) – approved on September 27, 2010

Republic Act No. 10121 “An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other Purposes”

Basis of RA 10121 The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) Priorities for Action: Governance Knowledge Management Disaster Preparedness Risk Assessment Vulnerability Reduction

Basis of RA 10121 Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use. The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.

The World Conference on Disaster Reduction held from 18 to 22 January 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, and adopted the present Framework for Action 2005 -2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as the “Framework for Action”). The Conference provided a unique opportunity to promote a strategic and systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities and risks to hazards. It underscored the need for, and identified ways of, building the Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use. resilience of nations and communities to disasters. 3 The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.

Salient Features of RA 10121 Coherence with the international framework

Salient Features of RA 10121 Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM

Salient Features of RA 10121 • Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction

Salient Features of RA 10121 • Coherence with the international framework • Adherence to universal norms, principles, and standards of humanitarian assistance • Good governance through transparency and accountability • Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM • Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction

Salient Features of RA 10121 • Empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) as key partners in disaster risk reduction • Integration of the DRRM into the educational system • Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (DRRMF) at the national and local levels • Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited acts and penalties therefor.

Key Players under RA 10121 National Government Local Government Civil Society Community

Governance • Restructuring of Disaster Management Institutions PD 1566 RA 10121 Overseeing Implementing National DRRMC OCD Regional DCC Regional DRRMC Regional OCD Provincial DCC Provincial DRRMO City/Municipal DCC City/Municipal DRRMO Barangay Devt. Council Barangay DRRM Committee National DCC OCD (Secretariat) Barangay DCC

Governance • NDRRMC (Sec. 5)

OCD CDOs Chair Governance RDRRMC (Sec. 10) Composition (Rule 4, Sec. 2) DILG Disaster Preparedness DSWD Response DOST Prevention & Mitigation NEDA Rehab & Recovery Vice-Chairs • • MEMBERS Executives of regional offices and field stations of NDRRMC government agency members Other entities that may be invited by the RDRRMC Secretariat Existing regional offices of OCD

LDRRMC Members Governance LDRRMC Members (Sec. 11(a)) Members

Governance • LDRRMO (Sec. 12) DRRM Officer Administrative & Training Research & Planning Operations & Warning

Governance What governs DRRM implementation?

Governance

CSO Participation • Consultations with key stakeholders is required with respect to identification, assessment and prioritization of hazards and risks (Sec. 9(c)), development of a manual of operations for volunteers (Sec. 9(o)), and formulation of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of the Act (Sec. 25) • Multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating and sharing of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy, planning and decision-making tools (Sec. (6)(d)). • A system of accreditation, mobilization and protection of disaster volunteers, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector (Sec. 13) • Mobilization and utilization of their facilities and resources in DRR activities and during emergencies

Sustainability • Funding NDRRM Fund – appropriated under the GAA; QRF = 30% Uses of the NDRRM Fund: a) b) Disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities such as but not limited to training of personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital expenditures; Relief, recovery, reconstruction and other work or services in connection with natural or human-induced calamities which may occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the past two (2) years from the budget year.

Sustainability • Funding LDRRMF - not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources ; QRF = 30% Uses of the LDRRMF: a) pre-disaster preparedness programs including training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment, supplies and medicines; b) post-disaster activities; and, c) payment of premiums on calamity insurance

Thank you.