UMASS CLEAN ENERGY EXTENSION DualUse Solar and Agriculture

UMASS CLEAN ENERGY EXTENSION Dual-Use Solar and Agriculture Soil and Water Conservation Society Southern New England Chapter Lights Up Sustainable Solar in New England Dwayne Breger, Director UMass Clean Energy Extension December 4, 2020

Outline Ø UMass Clean Energy Extension Ø UMass Extension Role in SMART Dual. Use Program Ø What is Dual-Use and What are We Seeing Ø Research Efforts (U. S. DOE and NREL grants) Ø Questions & Discussion Slide 2

UMass Clean Energy Extension Established in 2015, with support from MA Department of Energy Resources, to help meet the state’s energy and climate goals. Expanded UMass extension services under the Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (CAFE). Human Resources • Small staff of technical professionals, post-doc, graduate research assistants, and contractors • Collaborate with faculty/staff across campus disciplines • Graduate and undergraduate interns providing workforce training and professional development Slide 3

UMass Clean Energy Extension § § § Support renewable energy and energy efficiency programs and markets for the Commonwealth Provide outreach, education, and applied research On-going technical assistance services Student mentoring, internships, and workforce development Current initiatives o o o o Support for Municipalities and Green Communities MEI Platform Offshore wind workforce training Cumulative impacts on wildlife of wind development (with AWWI) Energy storage Reducing fuel use by municipal fleets Community-driven solar siting and financing Pollinator-friendly solar PV certification Dual-Use solar PV and agriculture Slide 4

CEE: Supporting DOER SMART Program Facilitating Farm/Solar Land-Use Education, Research, Outreach and Developed Pollinator-Friendly Solar Certification Program Pollinator-Friendly Solar PV Certification Fact Sheets and Outreach In consultation with a range of experts and stakeholders, developed statewide voluntary Pollinator. Friendly Solar PV Certification Program – to help solar developers implement, maintain, and promote native meadow habitats under and around solar panels. SMART Program Dual-Use Application Tools and Reporting Working with UMass Extension colleagues and MDAR to provide program support to farm sector on solar adoption generally, and for dual-use solar arrays specifically per state regulations. Slide 5

Massachusetts – Land Use and Solar § 3 rd most densely populated state § 62% forest cover § ~8. 5% agricultural land § Top 10 for solar capacity and solar capacity per capita Slide 6

Concept of Dual-Use Does it Make Sense to Combine Ag and Solar? Conventional Land Use 100% Ag Production 100% Solar Production X% Ag Production Y% Solar Production Dual-Use Land Use Schematic Adapted from Fraunhofer ISE Question: Does total production of dual-use land use outweigh conventional land use for solar and agriculture? That is, is 2 X% Ag + 2 Y% Solar > 100%Ag + 100% Solar? Slide 7

UMASS EXTENSION INVOLVEMENT IN DUAL-USE REGULATION AND RESEARCH § SMART Program: Review draft Pre-Determination applications for dual-use projects, and provide feedback to farmers and solar developers § Review regulations and scientific literature, provide information regarding dual-use to farmers and developers § Conduct research on small-scale array at UMass Research Farm § Conduct research on dual-use cranberry projects at Cranberry Experimental Station § Participate in national dual-use development and seek additional research opportunities 8

SMART DUAL-USE APPLICATION PROCESS § Standard application through SMART for solar component of project § Pre-Determination Form submitted to Clean Energy Extension for comment. § Review by Clean Energy Extension and relevant Agricultural Extension staff/faculty § Extension comments provided to applicant, shared with MDAR, DOER § Site visit, typically with farmer, solar developer, MDAR, Clean Energy Extension, and Agricultural Extension staff § Application revisions and submission to MDAR, DOER § Annual Reports filed to MDAR, DOER throughout eligibility 9

PRE-DETERMINATION FORM COMPONENTS § Applicant Information – Contact information for applicant, farmer, developer, land-owner § Basic Farm Information – Type of production, total acreage, annual sales, anticipated changes to farm business § Site Information – Location, land status, soils, property map § Solar Array Design – Capacity, type of system, design, ground penetration, site plan § Shading Analysis – Using SMART shading tool § Agricultural Plan – Crop or grazing narrative, farm equipment table, anticipated yield, crop rotation (if applicable) 10

SMART REVIEWS – WHAT WE’RE SEEING § Total Projects: 26 applications received, about 2/3 rds expected to complete pre-determination process § 10 for active cranberry bogs § 7 were primarily for livestock grazing (principally beef cattle, heifers, and cow-calf pairs, chickens, turkeys, sheep) § 5 application was for mixed hay and grazing § 4 applications were for squash/pumpkins or mixed vegetables § Farm Ownership: Approx. 18 applications with farmer as current landowner, but of these, half are planning to retire or sell within 5 years § Many proposals for marginal or currently unused farmland § Construction of first systems planned for 2020 -2021 (this fall and winter) 11

SMART REVIEWS – WHAT WE’RE SEEING • Significant developer concern with 2 MW size limit • Many unknowns regarding crop production – Limited research on impact of shading on crops – Annual reporting process will be informative but anecdotal 12

U. S. DOE RESEARCH GRANT UMass CEE selected for 2020 award from U. S. DOE Solar Energy Technology Office Impacts of Dual-Use Solar on Crop Productivity and the Agricultural Economy in Massachusetts and Beyond 3 -Year Program; $1. 8 M federal award; est. start March 2021 Establish and monitor up to 8 MA dual-use research site trails Perform and resource economic analysis of farm viability, agricultural economy, and community acceptability Academic, Public, Private Collaboration UMass • Center for Food, Agriculture and the Environment (CAFE) • UMass Extension • Cranberry Station • Dept. of Resource Economics American Farmland Trust (AFT) Solar Developers & Farm Manager • • Blue. Wave Solar Pine Gate Renewables Hyperion Systems LLC Iain Ward (Farm Manager) State Agencies • MA Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR) • MA Department of Energy Resources (DOER) 13

U. S. DOE RESEARCH GRANT Integrated with commercial Dual-Use projects with 3 solar developers and 8 farms Crops: Cranberry, vegetables, squash, hay, grazing First site trials expected next growing season 14

Dual-Use – Selected Resources • CEE’s dual-use resource page: https: //tinyurl. com/y 5 gc 4 gjx • NREL’s In. SPIRE Program: https: //tinyurl. com/y 3 mkd 5 re Slide 15

SOLAR IN RURAL COMMUNITIES NREL SOLAR ENERGY INNOVATION NETWORK UMass CEE working with 3 pilot western MA towns to prepare towns for solar development Community-Informed Proactive Solar Siting and Financing • • Partners Blanford, Wendall, Westhampton PVPC, FRCOG MDAR, DOER, Mass. CEC PV Squared Northeast Solar Co-op Power UMass. Five College Credit Union Western Massachusetts Community Choice Energy Task Force Solar Siting Assessment and Development Scenarios Cash Flow, Financing, and Ownership Strategies Stakeholder/Community Preferences – Survey and Engagement Tool Kit for replicable town actions 16

Thank You. Questions? Dwayne Breger dbreger@umass. edu UMass Clean Energy Extension Email website facebook twitter energyextension@umass. edu www. ag. umass. edu/clean-energy www. facebook. com/umasscleanenergyextension @UMass. Energy. Ext