Ultrasound How does it work Gerald R Aben

Ultrasound -How does it work Gerald R. Aben, MD FACR Department of Radiology College of Osteopathic Medicine 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 1

Ultrasound 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 2

Diagnostic Ultrasound • High frequency sound waves emitted from sound source (transducer) • Transducer placed on patient’s body • Sound waves echo off interfaces of internal structures and return to transducer • Information is processed and displayed on a monitor based on time and intensity of returning echo • Special terms used on ultrasound reports • Echogenic, Hyperechoic, Hypoechoic, Anechoic 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 3

Ultrasound Principles 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 4

Ultrasound Principles 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 5

Ultrasound Principles 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 6

Ultrasound Abdomen 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 7

Diagnostic Ultrasound • Interfaces are the signal source • Major applications: • Gall bladder evaluation • Fluid collections • Differentiation of cysts from solid • Fetal evaluation • Solid organ evaluation, heart, liver pancreas, kidney • Doppler ultrasound particularly useful for vascular flow 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 8

Ultrasound Machine 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 9

Ultrasound Machine in use 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 10

US 1 st Trimester Fetus 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 11

Cystic Hygroma 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 12

Brain Parenchymal Hemorrhage 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 13

Normal Liver US 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 14

Normal Liver – Common Duct Portal Vein 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 15

Normal Gallbladder Ultrasound 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 16

Gall Bladder US Gallstones 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 17

Gallstones • Ultrasound upper abdomen • Longitudinal scan • Round echogenic structures in gallbladder = stones (arrows) • Acoustic shadowing (lines) • Bile is dark (anechoic) 12/4/2020 DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY 18