UK contributions to GHG systems Parker Boesch Palmer
UK contributions to GHG systems Parker, Boesch, Palmer, Remedios on behalf of UK Space Agency and NCEO
Introduction q UK is committed to satellite systems for GHGs. q UK Space Agency has invested in Microcarb led by CNES. Through European initiatives, the UK is supporting the development of Sentinel-7. q NCEO provides the UK sustained infrastructure and people which support these activities (NERC, ESA, EC) in mission advice, in retrieval expertise, through inverse modelling systems and increasingly through contributions to cal/val. q BEIS employ tall tower data to provide top-down verification of UK emissions. The system is supported by the University of Bristol. It is based around Mace Head observations and three tall towers. q BEIS is interested in integrated systems if they improve emission estimates beyond state-of-the-art for the UK. It recognises the IPCC process as an important conduit for global and regional knowledge. q UK also runs a Space 4 Climate group which acts as a network to promote use of climate data beyond research and into government and industry
Greenhouse g. As Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE): Quantifying UK anthropogenic GHG emissions Inter-calibrated atmospheric GHG measurements From the ground From air Cutting-edge models of atmospheric transport From sea From space * * * Old New Isotopes Global Using the world-class meteorological analyses and the latest prior emission inventories Using new technology Estimating posterior emissions by combining measurements and models Inputs: 1) Measurements and uncertainty and 2) prior emissions uncertainty Regional Single model inversion Output: Posterior emission estimates and uncertainty Facilitating better decisions: ensemble of emissions estimates provide uncertainty
Satellite Missions q UK has a strong involvement in current and future GHG satellite mission incl. GOSAT and OCO-2 q NCEO contributes CO 2 & CH 4 to both the ESA GHG-CCI and Copernicus C 3 S as one of three European retrieval teams q TANSAT – The first dedicated Chinese mission to measure CO 2 was recently launched, Uo. L is one of the TANSAT international partners and works closely with their retrieval team q Continued involvement in future JAXA (GOSAT-2) and NASA (OCO-3) missions q Microcarb – The UKSA has recently invested £ 10 m towards the French/UK Microcarb mission q European CO 2 Emission Monitoring System q EU Task Force (Palmer) q ESA MAG CO 2 Emission Monitoring Satellite (Boesch) q With NPL and RAL Space, the UK is a world leader in instrument pre-flight and post-flight calibration and in traceability of EO data
Assimilation of space-borne and in-situ observations OCO-2 SIF 755 nm Spatial patterns of the inferred fluxes, especially those from satellite XCO 2 retrievals, are generally consistent with land data.
Validation Networks q TCCON (Total carbon column observing network) network of ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometers q Provides precise, accurate total columns of CO 2, CH 4 and others gases calibrated against in-situ aircraft profiles q NCEO funding UK TCCON station q Smaller/cheaper spectrometers can compliment this network if suitably calibrated q EM 27/SUN instruments provide TCCON-like data quality but cheaper and more portable q Can be used to cover validation gaps in remote regions (e. g. tropical Africa) but also for urban studies § Contribute to COCCON Network led by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology § University of Leicester deployment in Uganda § Proposal for city-scale monitoring (London) GHG-CCI NCEO/RAL TCCON station at Harwell
Airborne Measurements - GHOST: Green. House gas Observations in the Stratosphere and Troposphere NASA Global Hawk q Airborne SWIR spectrometer for CO 2, CH 4 and CO columns q Innovative design (1 spectrometer and 1 grating for all 4 bands) q Maiden flights on the NASA Global Hawk UAV in February and March 2015 – validation opportunities with OCO-2 and GOSAT (in future, also Sentinel-5 P TROPOMI) q Further flights on the NERC Airborne Research and Survey Facility in April and May 2015 targeting emissions hotspots q Flights in June 2018 (BAS Twin Otter aircraft) over the UK to test multi-angle observations of ground targets O 2 CO 2 NERC ARSF GHOST installed on the Global Hawk CH 4 CO 2 CH 4 Ratcliffe-on-Soar power station CH 4 CO 2 H 2 O
Summary q UK strongly committed to building top down verification support methods for itself (see BEIS and GAUGE programme) and is interested in building on the tall tower network with satellite observations q UK is supportive of international partnership and to the concept of an atmospheric CO 2 constellation q NCEO (and CEOI) has the expertise from instrumentation (incl. calibration), to retrieval method and flux inversions and is involved in many satellite missions and international programs (CCI, C 3 S) § Current retrieval and flux inversion methods (incl. tracers NO 2, CO, etc) will need to be further developed for emissions from urban environments § NCEO operates global inverse modelling schemes through research funding which are appropriate contributions to a sustained system § The greatest success is likely to be met with use of multiple atmospheric gases and other constraints. Operational systems will need a good starting point and an evolution path q Validation capabilities need to be evolved (e. g. urban validation networks) and sustained long-term § The UK recognises the value of validation and hence is implementing a UK TCCON station q Airborne remote sensing can be an important contribution to an emission monitoring system q Many upcoming missions (OCO-3, Microcarb) provide a first opportunity for testing approaches for urban emissions § Cross-calibration of these satellite observations is important
Extra Slides
Solar Induced Fluorescence SIF q SIF is the re-emission of radiation by plants or algae in the near-IR wavelength range. It is associated with photosynthetic activity. q High-resolution spectrometers on GOSAT and OCO-2 allow for measurements on a global scale. q As a proxy of photosynthesis, SIF reflects plant health and reacts to events like droughts. Time series over US Corn Belt. Note the drop in SIF (orange) during the drought period in 2012. Fluxnet (blue) stations US-WCr, US-UMB, US-Oho, and US-MMS. q Uo. L has processed 8 -year GOSAT time series until 12/2016
Methane q q GOSAT Proxy XCH 4 Produced as part of C 3 S 2009 -2017 Used for many scientific studies
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