UCSB in CMS UCSB CMS Group DOE Site

UCSB in CMS UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 1

CMS Experiment at CERN To a large extent, the Higgs drives the design of the LHC detectors. Nevertheless, other physics of interest require similar capabilities Most Ambitious Elements: EM Calorimetry & Tracking UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 2

The Physics • Key point is that CMS will enter a new domain • Definitive evidence of MSSM or rule it out • Discover the Higgs or rule it out • Or… • Large Extra Dimensions, Black holes … • Something unforeseen? • Nothing new? • No matter what we find, the implications will be profound • The LHC is the Michelson-Morley experiment of the 21 st century UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 3

CMS Tracker Pixels Outer Barrel (TOB) End Caps (TEC 1&2) 2, 4 m Inner Barrel & Disks (TIB & TID) 5. 4 m volume 24. 4 m 3 running temperature – 10 0 C 10 Million Si Strips! 26 Million Wire connections! UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 4

US Responsibility End Caps (TEC) Outer Barrel (TOB) ~105 m 2 2. 4 m 50% Modules for Rings 5, 6, 7 and hybrid processing for Rings 2, 5, 6 5. 4 UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela m 5

320 mm thick low resistivity 500 mm high resistivity Silicon Strips Blue = double sided Red = single sided Strip lengths 10 cm (innermost) to 20 cm (outermost) Strip pitches 80 mm (innermost) to 200 mm (outermost) UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 6

Rods & Wheels 1. 2 m UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 0. 9 m J. Incandela 7

Components Overview • Stockpiling Parts Now ↔ but with some caveats • Sensors (500 mm thick) • SGS Thomson (ST) ↔ Problems/production stopped/contract closed • Hamamatsu (HPK) Excellent quality. Rate may be a problem • Sensor Frames from Belgium/Pakistan: on track • Problems over the past few years appear to all be worked out for now • Hybrids from Cicorel/Hybrid SA/CERN ↔ critical path • Several design flaws and processing quality issues uncovered. • Technical problems solved ↔ delivery rate and stability an issue • Rod Frames from Helsinki/CERN- stockpiling UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 8

Timeline of ST Sensor Issue • August ‘ 03 UCSB finds problem with ST sensors • December ‘ 03 (3 day sensor workshop at CERN) • Re-probe ~1000 sensors in US and EU quality has degraded • January-February ’ 04: s… le • Place orders with HPK for masks and prototypes g g • STM order cut from 18, 000 to 11, 000. stru d • Place order with HPK for 7000 sensors an , s e i d stu • May-July ’ 04: • ST delivers 1000 sensors, CMS l finds long-term instability in 5%. a ic time evolution in 2 modules. • US builds 177 modules. Sees n h ec t • Tracker week - July ’ 04: se n e from phosphorous in surface oxide. • Evidence of corrosion t n fi • STM is not qualified. o s h t • Autumn ’ 04: on m increased to 16, 000. • HPK orders 6 1 • December ’ 04: STM order closed UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 9

1. Common Mode Noise (CMN) Situation as of early‘ 04 CMN effect features: • Few strips cause all 128 channels to show high noise Later: 2 nd chip develops CMN UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 10

2. Vacuum effect ↔ single strips ! with vacuum As of early‘ 04 without vacuum Strip 420 & 421 (4µA 15µA). Switching probe chuck vacuum on and off switches these strips on and off. Effect is reproducible. No visible defect seen. UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 11

3. Peculiar IV Curves OB 2 sensors late ’ 03 early ’ 04 “It’s like no diode I’ve ever seen Gromit” - Wallace UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 12

4. Long term instability 30211334388607 As of early‘ 04 UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 13

5. Structure in leakage current Good sensor As of early‘ 04 UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 14

Corrosion Discovered by Strasbourg and Karlsruhe then confirmed by STM (this slide) Aluminum corrosion Passivation (1 µm) micro-corrosions of the aluminum surface: Humidity reacts with Phosphorus (present in a 4% concentration into the passivation oxide) and forms an acid (probably H 3 PO 4), that corrodes a superficial layer of Aluminum (2 µm) Triple oxide layer (1. 5 µm) As of July ’ 04 Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 UCSB CMS J. Incandela 15

7 a. Long term sensor tests ¡ 233 sensors tested 72 h (room temperature, r. h. =25 -30%) Failure rate of qualification sensors in 72 h period is 5% As of July UCSB ’ 04 CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 16

7 b. Long term TOB module tests n. A Maxed out ADC Bits at this point After 7 hours, bias current started to increase New high noise channels seen in subsequent tests sec ØDark marks on bias ring occur near high noise channels UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 17

HPK • Met with Yamamoto (VP) in Hamamatsu January 2004 • US CERN place orders for masks • Order 7000 sensors for delivery by end of 2004 • Actually ~5600 delivered. • Met with Yamamoto Oct. 11 at CERN : • problems identified: (One month lost) • Poly Silicon over-etching • Scratches by handling devices • Recently~75% yield but workers on strike… • Will visit HPK again next month • Negotiate for all 16, 700 by Oct. 2005 • Options for few thousand UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 18

Current HPK schedule UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 19

Timeline of Hybrid Issues • Summer 2003 UCSB finds broken cable traces • CERN finds problem is widespread, vendor says flaw is fatal • Winter 2004 UCSB/FNAL find new failure mode in modules • UCSB traces the problem to the hybrid • CERN/Strasbourg/vendor: • Vias not properly plated, with breaks occurring at unknown rate • Autumn 2004: • New Designs and processing - all trials are highly successful! • Winter 2004 -2005: • New hybrid qualified and production started w/ rate problems • US asked to secure new production • Prof. D. Stuart has agreed to take on this project UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 20

Bad Cables and Good Vias and Bad Vias Example of a bad via Flex cable fragility Example of a good via UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 Cu J. Incandela 21

US CMS Tracker Group • Brown University • R. Hooper, G. Landsberg, C. Nguyen, H. Nguyen • University of California, Riverside (UCR) B S UC University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) t • A. Affolder, S. Burke, C. Campagnari, F. e. Garberson, D. Hale, J. Incandela, da d • P. Kalavase, S. Kyre, J. Lamb, R. Taylor, ee D. Stuart, D. White + technicians n University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC) re o • E. Chabalina, C. Gerber, L. Nigra, – m T. Ten r Fermilab (FNAL) ea U) y SSogut, L. Spiegel, S. Tkaczyk + technicians st K. K • M. Demarteau, A. Ronzhin, a p es s i University of Kansas (KU) h clud t p (in. L. Christofek, D. Coppage • P. Baringer, A. u. Bean, o gr oup Mexican Consortium: d e gr n i e • Cinvestav: H. Castilla, R. Perez, A. Sanchez o th j • Puebla: 20 le. E. ft Medel, H. Salazar • San Luis 10 Potosi: A. Morelos University of Rochester (UR) • P. Gartung, G. Hanson, G. Y. Jeng, G. Pasztor • • R. Demina, R. Eusebi, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hocker, S. Korjenevski, P. Tipton UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 22

US Preparations • Good parts in large quantities are arriving • Deliveries will not be smooth – hybrids especially – • Andrea Allen of UCSB to go to CERN for 5 -6 months as of February • Meeting the schedule will require • Higher than expected peak production rates • Extremely robust and stable production lines • Well trained personnel • Previous module rate in US is 15/day/site • Must be able to build faster • Very few additions/changes in tooling and infrastructure - completed • Extended day will be required • Rates now possible: • FNAL: 18/day sustainable and 21 -24/d peak • UCSB: 21/d sustainable and 27 -30/d peak UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 23

Planning Overview • Commissioned a variety of studies • Capacity expansion at FNAL and UCSB • Many new ideas for gaining efficiency • Failure modes • Preparations to minimize downtime • Manpower issues • Focus in 2004 - FNAL • Brown University and Mexican consortium • Focus 2005 – UCSB • Hiring post-docs now – crucial to project startup in US and installation and commissioning at CERN • Need technicians UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 24

UCSB TEC Production • Miscellaneous info • Have built all required types successfully: R 5 S, R 5 N, R 6, R 7 • 25 shipping boxes (20 modules each) built • All carrier plates (~100 per type) and all wirebond fixtures complete • Capacity • We will need to saturate UCSB production capacity with TEC modules • Split 60% - 40% TOB-TEC until TOB finished • 100% TEC production last 3 months of schedule UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 25

Rods • Rod assembly understood • Single rod testing is under control • Multi-rod • Have had and resolved many problems with software and hardware • Achieved major milestones • Still have some problems to solve • Need experience with many rods to determine if there are issues with components. UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 26

Mechanics: Tracker Outer Barrel Rods before/after modules installed 0. 9 m Final Cylinders at CERN Full Prototype Wheel (for MSGCs) UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 27

Test Beam Results S/N > 32 UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 28

ORCA reconstruction of tracks UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 29

SST Schedule Completion: Jan. 2006 An aggressive schedule UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 30

Management • Project Management at CERN came under fire • Delays have put CMS experiment at risk • CERN Summit held Jan 6 -12 • 44 hours of meetings in 4 days • Reviewed all project aspects • Discussed project management • Outcome • New managerial structure • New group leaders meeting • New CERN tracker week schedule UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 31

Management Overview Proposed Tracker Management Structure Project Manager Gigi Rolandi Deputy Project Manager Geoff Hall Tracker Construction Manager Peter Sharp Resource Manager Roberto Tenchini TIB/TID TOB TEC Pixel Guido Tonelli Joe Incandela Didier Contardo Roland Horisberger TBC Duccio Abbaneo Stefan Schael TBC Module Production Gian-Mario Bilei + TBC aaa bbb ccc ddd Tracker Integration Ariella Cattai + ME + EE eee fff ggg hhh Electronics Integration Sandro Marchioro + Patrice Siegrist iii jjj kkk lll Software Integration Lucia Silvestris + TBC mmm nnn ooo ppp Project Board UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 32

Sensors: factories Frames: Brussels Pitch adapter: Brussels Hybrids: Strasbourg Hybrid: CF carrier US in the tracker CERN RU Sensor QAC Module assembly Perugia FNAL UCSB Bonding & FNAL UCSB testing Integration into mechanics Perugia Pisa Padova Pisa ROD INTEGRATION Sub-assemblies Wien Bari Torino Bari Wien TIB-TID INTEGRATION TOB assembly TIB-IDassembly Pisa TK Louvain Brussels UCSB PETALS INTEGRATION Aachen Brussels Pisa At CERN Lyon Louvain Strasbourg Firenze Wien Zurich Strasbourg. Karlsruhe Aachen UCSB FNAL Karlsruhe TECassembly Aachen ASSEMBLY At CERN Lyon Strasbourg Karlsruhe TECassembly Karlsruhe. --> Lyon

Tracker Weeks UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 34

Summary • Manpower needs to rise quickly • Have studied all possible threats to production stability • Purchased or manufactured spares • Further increased capacity to ~50 modules/d • Requires manpower (~ 4 -5 FTE total) • Systems • All stages of production have been exercised and are near to final except rod testing • Multi-rod stands rapidly converging • UCSB Role in CMS has been extremely important UCSB CMS Group, DOE Site visit, Jan 18, 2005 J. Incandela 35