UANG DAN BANK Apa itu uang Sesuatu yang

UANG DAN BANK

Apa itu “uang”? “Sesuatu yang dapat berfungsi secara umum sebagai sarana pertukaran barang dan jasa, asset, dan pembayaran terhadap utang-utang”.

Mengapa orang pakai uang? q Medium of Exchange Sarana pertukaran: ü Acceptable (dapat diterima) ü Portable (mudah dibawa) ü Divisible (terbagi-bagi) ü Cannot easily counterfeited (tdk mudah dipalsu) q A store of value (Penimbun nilai) q A unit of account (satuan hitung) q A standard deffered of payment (standar pembayaran utang)

The Desirable Properties of Money 1. Portability: 2. Durability: 3. Divisibility: 4. Standardizability: 5. Recognizability:

Sejarah Uang q Barter q Commodity money(gold or silver) (Full-bodied money) q Modern money • Paper money • Bank money • Electronic Money Fiat money :

Komponen Penawaran Uang q M 1: transaction money, consist: Currency(coins and paper currency) + Transaction account(demand deposit) + Traveler’s checks q M 2: broad money, consist: M 1 + saving deposits + time deposit

The Future of Money: (The Evolution of Money: an empirically view) Barter Electronic money (e-money) Commodity Money (gold & silver) Intangible money Paper money (certificate) Bank money (demand deposit)

PERMINTAAN UANG

The Classical Theory of The Demand for Money Quantity Theory of Money: “People hold money for transaction purpose ” Equation of exchange (by Irving Fisher):

1. The Equation of Exchange MV = Py Where : M : nominal quantity of money V : income velocity of money P : price level y : quantity of output of goods and service

$2. The Cambridge Equation (by Alfred Marshal) “ household desire to hold some fraction$

2. The Cambridge Equation (by Alfred Marshal) “ household desire to hold some fraction of their nominal income as money (in cash) Md = k. Py Where: Md : total quantity of money all individuals in the economy desire to hold k : a fraction (0<k<1) Py : nominal value of output = nominal income earned by household

Conclusion…… The idea behind the classical theory : § The key function of money is its usefulness as a medium of exchange § There are two motive for holding money: ü Transaction motive ü Precautionary motive

Velocity in the Classical Model V = income velocity of money is: “ the average number of times people spend each unit of money on final goods and services per unit of time ” V =1/k k is constant in the long-run, so v in the classical model is constant to

The Demand for Money Source of Money demand: q Transaction demand: ü interest rate rise, Md declines ü Income rise, Md rise q Asset demand: money as store of value

Nominal versus Real Interest Rate o Nominal interest rate is defined as the rate of exchange between a dollar (rupiah) today and a dollar (rupiah) at some future time o Real interest rate is the rate of exchange between goods and services (real things) to day and goods and services at some future time o In a world of or inflation and deflation, nominal rate of interest is a equal to the real rate of interest

The equation relating real and Nominal Interest Nominal rate of interest rate ═ Real + of interest Expected rate of inflation Nominal rate of interest ═ Real rate of interest ═ Nominal rate of interest + - +( Expected rate of inflation x Real rate of interest )