UAC proposal Flexible Photovoltaic Devices Fabrication and Mechanistic

UAC proposal Flexible Photovoltaic Devices: Fabrication and Mechanistic Studies Prof. Anthony Dai Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Liang-Bih Lin Xerox Component Systems Group 1 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only

Research Thrusts • Investigate Photovoltaic Properties of Xerox Photosensitive Materials in conjunction with external stateof-the-art materials • PV as a probe for CDS, Ghosting issues in xerography • Evaluate roll-to-roll processing Expectation • The combination of highly sensitive and highly ordered yet compatible materials will result in high efficient PV devices processing 2 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only

Current Organic/Polymer Solar Cells Outside World Xerox Anode (Au) n-type (BCFM/PCZ) Phthalocyanine P-type (m. TBD/PCZ) Cathode (Ti/Zr) PEN Anode (Al) n-type (P 3 HT/PCBM) P-type (PEDOT) Cathode (ITO) glass PCBM P 3 HT • Heterojunction of two active layers • May have 1 -3 interfacial layers • Total active layers thickness ~80 -150 nm • Efficiency up to 4% • Tandem cells showed 6% • e-h diffusion limited • no efficient broad absorption materials • roll to roll processing not demonstrated 3 Apr 23, 2008 • 2 orders of magnitude lower in photocurrent than best of the best • However, OHGa. PC, Cl. Ga. PC both gave 20 x more current than Zn. Pc, Cu. PC, two of the pigments used most in the literature, in similar configuration. • Excellent roll-to-roll manufacturing capability • PV can be used as a low field electrical probe: implication for CDS and Ghosting in xerography For Internal Use Only

Dai’s Group: Design of Efficient Solar Cell by Synthesis of Novel Conducting Block Copolymers self-assembling + conducting block copolymer f. P 3 HT= 14% 50 nm inorganic nanoparticle f. P 3 HT= 25 % f. P 3 HT= 33 % 50 nm f. P 3 HT= 48 % 50 nm Nanostructures for efficient charge separation were made successfully! 4 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only f. P 3 HT= 55 % 50 nm Dai C. -A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 11036 2007.

Novel Polymer – Broad Spectrum/High Efficiency + Stille coupling • PCPQT shows light absorption up to 700 nm - higher than that of the benchmark material P 3 HT. • PCPQT/PCB hybrid solar cells give 3% power conversion efficiency under AM 1. 5. 5 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only

Background of Investigators and Institution Prof. Anthony Dai Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University Conductive Polymer and Nanoscience Well known for his seminary work in rod-coil block copolymer Current group: 1 postdoc, 3 Ph. D. and 8 M. S. students Research funding: ~$180 k in 08; US Air Force Funding ($110 k/3 y), “High Efficiency and Long Life Photovoltaic Research for Space Applications” Education: Cornell University, Ph. D in Materials Science and Engineering. Awards: National Science Council of Taiwan, Young Researcher Award, 2007. National Taiwan University (NTU) • Leading university in Taiwan • Top 150 universities in the world for academic strength and quality of research • Most number of Ph. D. ’s awarded in the US for a single school • Research expenditures are expected to exceed $100 million in 2008 • NTU will provide 1: 1 matching fund • 300 graduate students in CE, MSME, PSPE, and INT, including 80 Ph. D. candidates (about 1/3 will pursue postdoctoral work in the Western world) Office of International Affairs 2007 Brochure 6 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only

Role of Xerox Liaison Manager • Interact with Prof. Dai and his colleagues • Share his expertise on organic photoreceptor and xerography • Provide guidance on identifying key approaches to photovoltaic applications for Xerox’s materials • Hold regular meetings between the two groups to discuss research progress • Identify relevant scientific findings for applications to Xerox’s own technology. 7 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only

Finances and Timetable The requested funding is $20, 000 per year for three years. The funding is specifically targeted for graduate student stipend. The proposed timetable is the following. 1 st and 2 nd years: First fabrication Xerox’s materials into photovoltaic devices to see the baseline performance. Next, study the compatibility of Xerox’s photosensitive materials and the rod-coil polymers, and if necessary, new materials will be prepared to enhance the compatibility and processibility. 3 rd year: Further studies on new materials preparation, integration and different device configurations and fabrication techniques to identify optimal performance. 8 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only

9 Apr 23, 2008 For Internal Use Only