Typology of dimensions Alexey Kozlov Ty Lex Recapitulation

Typology of dimensions Alexey Kozlov Ty. Lex

Recapitulation • Dimensional terms describe physical objects in one of those dimensions • tall, long, thick, thin , but not big or small • Topological classes are several prototypical shapes, around which the object which can be described by the DTs tend to agglomerate • Atomic functions on our semantic map (= frames): dimensions of certain topological classes • THIN PIVOTS, THIN LAYERS, WIDE STRIPES, WIDE ROADSetc. , • ALTUS vs. LATUS • “large size” vs. “small size”

Recapitulation • The semantic map of dimensions is long (and thin) ALTUS LATUS

SAE systems • “Canonical” in the Corbettian sense: long vs. high vs. deep Kabardian Russian + — DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH kʷwə č’enǯ’ λaγe λaχč’e č ’əh č ’agʷe + глубокий высокий длинный -- мелкий низкий короткий

SAE systems • “Canonical” in the Corbettian sense: long vs. high vs. deep Kabardian Russian + — DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH kʷwə č’enǯ’ λaγe λaχč’e č ’əh č ’agʷe + глубокий высокий длинный — мелкий низкий короткий

Questions • What more subtle distinctions within ALTUS can be provided? • How the boundaries can be conflated?

High vs. tall • TALL POLES vs. HIGH BARRIERS • English: • highest relative frequency of collocation with tall : chimney and mast. • immediately followed by stool , grass , tower , building and tree • nouns denoting humans come only afterwards + — POLES BARRIERS tall high

High vs. tall • TALL POLES vs. HIGH BARRIERS • English: • highest relative frequency of collocation with tall : chimney and mast. • immediately followed by stool , grass , tower , building and tree • nouns denoting humans come only afterwards + — POLES BARRIERS tall short high low

High vs. tall • TALL POLES vs. HIGH BARRIERS • English: • highest relative frequency of collocation with tall : chimney and mast. • immediately followed by stool , grass , tower , building and tree • nouns denoting humans come only afterwards + — PIVOTS POLES BARRIERS long tall high low short

High vs. tall ‘high/tall’ – ‘low’ Aghul Itsari Dargwa Avar + + + - BARRIERS POLES hava x eba džiqqe caӿ ƣ uk qan t borxatab t’uᵴab

Deep and shallow: further distinctions RUSSIAN a. ne-glubokaja reka melkaja ‘shallow river’ b. ne-glubokij ovrag melkij ovrag ‘shallow ravine’ ‘small ravine’ reka

Deep and shallow: further distinctions PITS + — WATERBODIES glubokij neglubokij melkij • Why melkij has such narrow combinability? P-LAYERS

Mergers Kabardian + — DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH kʷwə č’enǯ’ λaγe λaχč’e č ’əh č ’agʷe

DH-Merger Anti. Kabardian-1 + — DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH

HL-Merger Anti. Kabardian-2 + — DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH

DH-merger • Latin altus ‘high, deep’ • Swahili, Tzotzil (according to http: //clics. lingpy. org) • Our sample: 5 Finno-Ugric languages • • • Izhma Komi Udmurt Moksha Finnish Western Khanty

DH-merger WESTERN KHANTY a. b. c. ma ł / deep ka rsʼ / high mał / deep łeł as low river łeł juχ low tree *łeł shallow / aj small łɔnʼsʼ snow

DH-merger (13) a. b. c. FINNISH syvä / deep korkea high ? ? syvä deep matala kuoppa shallow pit / matala muuri low wall / ? ? matala lumi shallow snow

DH-merger Western Khanty Finnish P-LAYERS + + - aj ‘small’ ? ? syvä ? ? matala WATER BODIES mał PITS BARRIERS POLES ka rsʼ łeł syvä korkea matala PIVOTS χuv wan pitkä lyhyt

DH-merger BESERMAN UDMURT a. ǯʼužət / mur / lapeg gu b. *ǯʼužət /mur / lapeg reka c. d. deep shallow high low fence deep shallow ǯʼužət mur / lapeg / ? ? lapeg pit river ken’er / piči small lə mə snow

DH-merger Beserman Udmurt Moksha Mordvin ‘deep’ – ‘shallow’ LAYERS + - (small) WATER BODIES mur kər ka mac’ɛ ‘high/tall’ – ‘low’ PITS ‘long’ – ‘short’ BARRIERS POLES PIVOTS lapeg ǯʼužət ser ’i aln’ɛ kuž' vakčʼi kuvaka n’u r k ɛn’ɛ

HL-merger + - KAZAKH ‘high/tall’ – ‘low’ BARRIERS POLES bïik alasa üzın ‘long’ – ‘short’ PIVOTS qısqa

HL-merger ‘high/tall’ – ‘low’ Aghul Itsari Dargwa BARRIERS + + - x eba quk ‘long’ – ‘short’ POLES hava caӿ PIVOTS džiqqe qan t irhe buӿen

Izhma Komi: both DH & HL mergers + - ‘deep’ – ‘shallow’ LAYERS WATER BODIES ‘high/tall’ – ‘low’ PITS džudžɨd BARRIERS ‘long’ – ‘short’ POLES PIVOTS kuz’ l’apkɨd džen’ɨd

ALTUS semantic map

Merger constraint • Yesterday: If the boundary between THICK PIVOTS and NARROW STRIPES is violated in large sizes, it should be violated in small sizes • Something like this goes on in ALTUS as well: • Boundaries between LONG PIVOTS vs. TALL POLES, HIGH BARRIERS vs. DEEP PITS cannot be violated in large sizes without a “harmonic violation” in small sizes

Merger constraint DEPTH HEIGHT LENGTH • Canonical boundaries: used by the SAE-systems • • • LONG PIVOTS vs. TALL POLES HIGH BARRIERS vs. DEEP PITS THICK PIVOTS vs. WIDE STRIPES THICKNESS WIDTH

Canonical boundaries

Canonical boundaries

ALTUS meets LATUS • IMPENETRABLE and PENETRABLE LAYERS sometimes get colexified • PENETRABLE LAYERS also get colexified with WATERBODIES + - Kazakh WATER BODIES tereŋ PENETRABLE LAYERS qalin žyka LAYERS