Typical Animal Cell nuclear membrane nucleolus lysosome nucleus

Typical Animal Cell nuclear membrane nucleolus lysosome nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body cytoplasma membrane smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria centrioles vacuole

Typical Plant Cell Golgi body central vacuole nucleus chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria cell wall plasma membrane

The Nucleus H The nucleus is the storehouse for DNA and controller of the cell. H The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane (envelope) HDNA makes up chromosomes, which carry the genetic code for a cell.

The Nucleus

Cell (plasma) Membrane H Surrounds the cell, like the “skin” of the cell. H Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provided protection and support for the cell. Cell (plasma) membrane

THE CELL MEMBRANE HAS 2 LAYERS CELL MEMBRANE

Cytoplasm CYTOPLASM H a thick liquid inside all cells aka “Cell Jelly” H Supports all cell organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum H The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of tubes that assembles and transport materials. H The ER is made up of rough and smooth regions H “Highways”

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Rough ER = with ribosome • Transports proteins This is Rough Endoplasmic reticulum. Notice the ribosomes!

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum rough ER (with ribosomes)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Smooth = No ribosomes • Transports lipids

Ribosome H Assembles small protein parts H Located on the surface of the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum or free floating.

Golgi Apparatus (Bodies/complex) The Golgi is in charge of secretion of chemicals. 1) Substances arrive there and are changed 2) Then they are repackaged and sent other places in the cell. 3) Sometimes substances are sent out of the cell.

Golgi Bodies

Golgi Bodies

Lysosomes H cells' garbage disposal system H contain enzymes that break apart nearly all cell molecules. H digest worn out cell parts H If the lysosome breaks, it can destroy the cell!

Mitochondria H Mitochondria are the energy production centers of the cell. H Mitochondria convert glucose and O 2 into energy. H “powerhouse” H Many found in muscle cells.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

Vacuoles HThe vacuole is a fluid filled organelle that stores amino acids, sugars, water and wastes. HMuch larger in plants. Plant vacuole Animal vacuole

Centrioles H 1) found only in animal cells H 2) involved in cell reproduction

A word about plants… Plant cells contain additional organelles that are absent from animal cells!

Cell Wall H Plant cells are also surrounded by a cell wall, in addition to a plasma membrane. Ë The cell wall is a tough layer that supports a cell and gives it shape. Cell wall Cell membrane

Chloroplast H The chloroplast is a special organelle necessary to carry out photosynthesis. H Chloroplasts contain certain pigments that give leaves the color they contain. H They belong to a group of organelles called “Plastids”. They all contain pigments and starch.