TYPHOON Causes and mechanisms impacts and effects and

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TYPHOON Causes and mechanisms, impacts and effects, and Mitigation

TYPHOON Causes and mechanisms, impacts and effects, and Mitigation

What is Typhoon? • Tropical Cyclones that develops in the northwestern part of the

What is Typhoon? • Tropical Cyclones that develops in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean between 180° and 100°E. • In the Philippines, tropical cyclones (typhoons) are called bagyo. The term bagyo, a Filipino word meaning typhoon arose after a 1911 storm in the city of Baguio had a record rainfall of 46 inches within a 24 -hour period. .

Typhoons are categorized into five: • Category 1 - Tropical Depression -sustains winds between

Typhoons are categorized into five: • Category 1 - Tropical Depression -sustains winds between 119 and 153 km/hour (km/h). It is the first notable stage in the formation of a hurricane. (Morakot) • Category 2 - Tropical Storm (TS) - has winds between 154 and 177 km/h. -a tropical storm is a system of intense thunderstorms that progressively intensifies. • Category 3 - Strong Typhoon -A strong typhoon is a system of low pressure and intense winds (between 178 and 209 km/h). (Maemi-South Korea)

 • Category 4 - Intense Typhoon (or Hurricane) -An intense typhoon sustains high

• Category 4 - Intense Typhoon (or Hurricane) -An intense typhoon sustains high winds of 210 to 249 km/h and is classified as a category-5 storm, which carries the highest element of risk. • Category 5 - Violent Typhoon -A violent typhoon is characterized by winds exceeding 249 km/h.

 • Variability in Activity On an annual time scale, activity reaches a minimum

• Variability in Activity On an annual time scale, activity reaches a minimum in February, before increasing steadily through June, and spiking from July through October, with September being the most active month for tropical cyclones in the Philippines. Activity falls off significantly in November.

List of Philippine Typhoon (1970 -2011) Name Period of Deaths occurrence Damage (in billion)

List of Philippine Typhoon (1970 -2011) Name Period of Deaths occurrence Damage (in billion) Highest wind speed in kph Areas most affected Sening (Joan) October 11 768 -15, 1970 10. 7 280 Bicol region, calabarzon Herming (betty) August o 714, 1987 39. 9 260 Samar, Bicol Region Ruping (Mike) November 748 10 -14, 1990 18. 2 285 Cebu Harurot (Imbudo) July 1324, 2003 64 3. 87 240 Cagayan Valley, CARIlocos region Unding (Muifa) November 69 14 -26, 2004 3. 87 240 Bicol Region, MIMAROPA 94 C

 • • • Milenyo (Xangsane)-2006 Frank (Fengshen) – 2008 Ondoy (Ketsana) – 2009

• • • Milenyo (Xangsane)-2006 Frank (Fengshen) – 2008 Ondoy (Ketsana) – 2009 Bebeng (Aere) – 2011 Ambo (Mawar) – 2012

These are the ff. typhoons hits in the Philippines (2012) • • • •

These are the ff. typhoons hits in the Philippines (2012) • • • • AMBO BUTCHOY COSME DINDO ENTENG FRANK GENER HELEN IGME SIONY TONYO YOYONG ZOSIMO • • • JULIAN KAREN LAWIN MARCE NINA OFEL PABLO QUINTA ROLLY ULYSSES VICKY WARREN

CAUSES OF TYPHOON TRANSFORMATION Pre-conditions and Conditions of Typhoons

CAUSES OF TYPHOON TRANSFORMATION Pre-conditions and Conditions of Typhoons

PRE-CONDITIONS OF TYPHOON FORMATION MONSOON TROUGH This is an extension of the Inter- Tropical

PRE-CONDITIONS OF TYPHOON FORMATION MONSOON TROUGH This is an extension of the Inter- Tropical Convergence Zone where cyclonic spin has developed. The ITCZ is a trough is a low pressure created by the convergence of the northeast and southeast trade winds.

TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH The typical low pressure center that forms a typhoon starts

TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH The typical low pressure center that forms a typhoon starts at the lower levels and is warm compared to its environment.

FRONT Stall over tropical water. A front has a cyclonic spin associated with it.

FRONT Stall over tropical water. A front has a cyclonic spin associated with it. If winds aloft become favorable with little wind shear, showers and storms could become more numerous and cause a typhoon to form.

MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM These organized clusters of storms can move off a continental landmass

MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM These organized clusters of storms can move off a continental landmass and drift over warm waters. If they already contain a small vortex in the cluster, this may make to region even more favorable for tropical cyclone development.

7 BASINS WHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS • NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN • EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC

7 BASINS WHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS • NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN • EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN June 1 - November 30. The most active period runs May 15 - November 30. from about mid August This is the second most through the latter part of active region for tropical October. cyclones in the world. These storms mostly move ( Caribbean, Bermuda, Central into the open eastern America etc. ) Pacific Ocean but can affect western Mexico and sometimes after developing, Hawaii.

 • ARABIAN SEA ( Severe Cyclonic Storm) April 1 - December 30. This

• ARABIAN SEA ( Severe Cyclonic Storm) April 1 - December 30. This basin has a double maximum because of the monsoon trough moving through at two different times of the year. • SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN (STC) October 15 - May 1. These tropical cyclones may affect eastern Australia. • NORTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN(Typhoon) All year. This is the most active basin in the world. Most typhoons form between July through November. The tropical cyclones that form here can affect the Philippines, Southeast Asia including China and Taiwan, and Japan.

 • SOUTHEAST INDEAN OCEAN • SOUTHWEST INDIAN ( STC) OCEAN ( TC) October

• SOUTHEAST INDEAN OCEAN • SOUTHWEST INDIAN ( STC) OCEAN ( TC) October 15 - May. These October 15 - May 15. tropical cyclones may affect These tropical cyclones northern and western may affect Madagascar and Australia. This basin has a south-eastern Africa. A double maximum in mid double maximum occurs in January, and mid February mid January and mid through early March. February through early March.

THE LIFE OF A TYPHOON THE FOUR STAGES OF THE LIFE OF A TYPHOON

THE LIFE OF A TYPHOON THE FOUR STAGES OF THE LIFE OF A TYPHOON

 • FORMATIVE STAGE • IMMATURE STAGE • DECAYING STAGE

• FORMATIVE STAGE • IMMATURE STAGE • DECAYING STAGE

EFFECTS OF TYPHOON

EFFECTS OF TYPHOON

BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE The two most destructive forces associated with typhoons are wind and

BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE The two most destructive forces associated with typhoons are wind and rain. According to the Green Fun website, typhoon winds can affect buildings and other structures in two ways: through direct force and through projectiles. The heavy and persistent rainfall that typhoons bring can also have devastating effects. In addition to making homes uninhabitable, the flooding associated with typhoons can make roads impassable, which can cripple rescue and aid efforts.

TREES AND VEGETATION

TREES AND VEGETATION

WATERCRAFT AND WATER OPERATIONS

WATERCRAFT AND WATER OPERATIONS

L I F E

L I F E

ECONOMICAL EFFECTS • Different countries experience different types of natural calamities. US are known

ECONOMICAL EFFECTS • Different countries experience different types of natural calamities. US are known for experiencing devastating hurricanes while Japan is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The Philippines, on the other hand, has had its fair share of typhoons and tropical storms. Aside from Ondoy, our country has experienced several devastating typhoons. In the table below, we summarize some of the most financially-damaging typhoons that our country has dealt with

EFFECT ON THE STOCK MARKET • Aside from the economic effects of typhoons and

EFFECT ON THE STOCK MARKET • Aside from the economic effects of typhoons and floods, we also want to show the effect of natural disasters on the stock market. A few days after typhoons Milenyo and Ondoy, the PSE Index was slightly down compared to where it was before the typhoons occurred. Similarly, the PSE Index is down 0. 4 percent, on lethargic trading, three days after the peak of the recent rains and floods.

IMPACTS FISCAL IMPACTS • Natural disasters can have important implications for public finance. Disasters

IMPACTS FISCAL IMPACTS • Natural disasters can have important implications for public finance. Disasters are likely to result in additional expenditure and/or the partial reallocation of already committed financial resources, with implications for planned investment and other expenditures. Public revenue may also decline as levels of economic activity fall. In consequence, a government may face increasing budgetary pressures which could in turn increase levels of domestic and/or external borrowing or increasing the money supply, each, in turn, with potentially significant knock-on effects (Benson and Clay, 2003).

M I T I G A T I O N

M I T I G A T I O N

 • Know your enemy: hazards • and their effects • • Identifying which

• Know your enemy: hazards • and their effects • • Identifying which these are– the elements most at risk– indicates priorities for • mitigation. • Vulnerability • Tools, powers and budgets. • PRECAUTIONARY • MEASURES • Natural Disaster Reduction • Assessment POLICIES Suspension of Classes, Work and Activities during Typhoons Dep. Ed Order No. 28 series of 2005: GUIDELINES ON THE SUSPENSION OF CLASSES WHEN TYPHOONS AND OTHER CALAMITIES OCCUR. DEPED Order No. 50 s. 2007 with NDCC Memorandum No. 7 s. 2006. Philippine Storm SIGNAL WARNINGS (PSWS)

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION • Natural disasters, both natural and manmade, can and will occur, often with

CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION • Natural disasters, both natural and manmade, can and will occur, often with little or no warning. It has tremendous effect not only physically but also on the mental aspect of an individual especially the younger ones. Disasters often strike without warning and cause damages that limit or prevent an adequate response. We have to commit ourselves to understanding these hazards and to applying techniques that reduce our vulnerability. We need to explore the feasibility of concerted scientific and engineering efforts in reducing the loss of life and property through programs of public education and of effective early warning system. The development of warning systems with adequate range of monitoring instruments for the purpose of collecting necessary data and information for disaster evaluation is necessary for establishing relative potential risks.

 • The development of warning systems with adequate range of monitoring instruments for

• The development of warning systems with adequate range of monitoring instruments for the purpose of collecting necessary data and information for disaster evaluation is necessary for establishing relative potential risks. Communicate knowledge for people to be aware and get prepared on these hazards. Through public education, introduce precautionary measures to have public awareness on preparedness against these natural hazards. Disasters are inevitable, predictable, and expected; we must be ready to face them. The time has come to fully develop technology for convenient and immediate dissemination of warning system to the public.