Types of Volcanic Eruptions Two factors determine the

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Types of Volcanic Eruptions Two factors determine the type of eruption: § § Amount

Types of Volcanic Eruptions Two factors determine the type of eruption: § § Amount of water vapor & other gases in the magma The chemical composition of the magma

Volcanoes SPI 5. 2. 5 Describe internal forces such as volcanoes, earthquakes, faulting, and

Volcanoes SPI 5. 2. 5 Describe internal forces such as volcanoes, earthquakes, faulting, and plate movements that are responsible for the earth’s major geological features such as mountains, valleys, etc.

Explosive Eruptions • • • Rarer but very destructive Clouds of hot debris, ash,

Explosive Eruptions • • • Rarer but very destructive Clouds of hot debris, ash, and gas rapidly shoot out. Molten rock pieces and ash can be blown into the air

Explosive Eruptions • Water content of the magma is high

Explosive Eruptions • Water content of the magma is high

Explosive Eruptions Silica content of the magma is high- • • • it’s thick,

Explosive Eruptions Silica content of the magma is high- • • • it’s thick, flows slow, and tends to plug vents Enough pressure= explosion!

Examples: • Mt. St. Helens • Mt. Fuji • Mt. Pinatubo

Examples: • Mt. St. Helens • Mt. Fuji • Mt. Pinatubo

Non-explosive Eruptions § § Most common Produce relatively calm flows of lava

Non-explosive Eruptions § § Most common Produce relatively calm flows of lava

Non-explosive § Lower silica content (thinner lava)

Non-explosive § Lower silica content (thinner lava)

Non-explosive § § …and has low water content Examples: Hawaii

Non-explosive § § …and has low water content Examples: Hawaii

Video: a typical Hawaiian eruption

Video: a typical Hawaiian eruption

Shield volcanoes • Huge! Made from lava layers • Large base, gentle slope •

Shield volcanoes • Huge! Made from lava layers • Large base, gentle slope • Form non-explosive eruptionsrunny lava spreads over a large area • Life span of a million years or more • Example: Hawaii’s Mauna Kea

Sketch a shield Volcano:

Sketch a shield Volcano:

Shield Volcanoes Mauna Kea

Shield Volcanoes Mauna Kea

Shield Volcanoes Mauna Kea

Shield Volcanoes Mauna Kea

Shield volcano on Mars; Taken from space The Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii— the

Shield volcano on Mars; Taken from space The Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii— the largest volcano on Earth—has the broad expanse characteristic of shield volcanoes. It spreads across half the island of Hawaii.

Cinder cones • Made of loose pyroclastic material from moderately explosive eruptions • When

Cinder cones • Made of loose pyroclastic material from moderately explosive eruptions • When lava hits the ground, it sticks rather than flows • This builds a steep cone with a small base • Life span of a few years because they erode away easily • Example: Mexico’s Paricutín

Cinder cones Sketch:

Cinder cones Sketch:

Cinder Cones:

Cinder Cones:

Composite or strato • One of the most common kinds • Form from explosive

Composite or strato • One of the most common kinds • Form from explosive pyroclastic material followed by quieter flows of lava- creates alternating layers • Broad bases, sides that get steeper towards the top • Life span of a million years or more

STrato/Composite Example: Mt. Fuji in Japan

STrato/Composite Example: Mt. Fuji in Japan

Sketch a composite Volcano:

Sketch a composite Volcano:

More Composite (strato) Volcanoes : Mt. Rainier

More Composite (strato) Volcanoes : Mt. Rainier

Composite/strato volcanoes

Composite/strato volcanoes

Video Clip: Types of volcanoes

Video Clip: Types of volcanoes

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