Types of Trafficking Sex Trafficking Child Soldiers Bonded

Types of Trafficking Sex Trafficking Child Soldiers Bonded Labor Debt Bondage Among Migrant Laborers Involuntary Domestic Servitude Forced Marriages Forced Child Labor

What does human trafficking look like? Trafficking ≠ Smuggling Trafficking > Smuggling Can it happen in Iowa?

Polaris Project: Cases in 2014

Human trafficking routes generally track the routes commonly used for drug trafficking Human traffickers often supply drugs to their victims in order to control their actions. Traffickers benefit from having victims become dependent upon drugs.

This is what human trafficking looks like – in Iowa

Iowa Cases: Sex Trafficking

Iowa Human Trafficking Law Iowa Code Chapter 710 A “Human trafficking” means participating in a venture to recruit, harbor, transport, supply provisions, or obtain a person for any of the following purposes: (1) Forced labor or service that results in involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (2) Commercial sexual activity through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, except that if the trafficked person is under the age of eighteen, the commercial sexual activity need not involve force, fraud, or coercion. “Human trafficking” also means knowingly purchasing or attempting to purchase services involving commercial sexual activity from a victim or another person engaged in human trafficking. Iowa Code § 710 A. 1(1)

Iowa Human Trafficking Law Iowa Code Chapter 710 A Felony offense: B Felony (25 years) C Felony (10 years) D Felony (5 years) Factors affecting seriousness: ▸ Type of activity ▸ Age of victim ▸ Injury resulting Affirmative defense: compulsion No mandatory sentencing provisions but now it is a forcible felony (as of 7/1/2015) Iowa Code § 710 A. 2

Human Trafficking Cases in Iowa Teen trafficked from Minneapolis Teens trafficked via strip clubs Truck driver took teen across states Teen trafficked in NE Iowa doctor provided drugs to sex ring in South Dakota Commonalities ▪ At-risk/runaway teens ▪ Sex trafficking ▪ Enticement, then physical coercion ▪ Trafficking victims were drugged ▪ Division of labor among traffickers ▪“Circuits” for commercial sex trafficking ▪ National reach for circuits ▪ Online advertising Omaha sex ring included trafficking to Iowa Trafficked teens in Council Bluffs Couple trafficked teens in Des Moines Trafficking teen girls for prostitution Prostitution & photos of teens Multi-state trafficking ring

Learn More On Netflix On PBS Braking Traffik (Quad Cities)

Who is at risk? Teens – Runaways, Throwaways, victims of sexual abuse Signs of Teen Sex Trafficking Unexplained absence from school Runs away from home Fearful, anxious, depressed, tense Inability to speak for themselves Deprived of food, water, sleep, medical care (malnourished) Minimal contact with family “Boyfriend” or “uncle” or “daddy” controls teen’s life, speaks for teen Tattoos or someone’s name Sexually transmitted diseases Multiple cell phones

Severely Underreported: Labor Trafficking Signs of Labor Trafficking Escorted to and from a work site Living at or near the work site Kept under surveillance Housed with others who have similar jobs Extreme reluctance or fearful of talking with others Indicators of physical abuse Payment does not go to worker Does not possess the worker’s own identification documents

Human Trafficking Strategy Public Awareness Investigation Resources Legislative Response Victim Services Justice System Response Funding

Human Trafficking Strategy Public Awareness Investigation Resources Legislative Response Victim Services Justice System Response Funding

Public Awareness & Prevention Media & Social Media Business Community Non-Government Organizations Religious Community Schools Public

Victim Services Emergency Services Single Gender Trauma-Informed Counseling Long-term Services Mixed Gender Legal Services Adults Residential Services Juveniles Medical Services Training for Providers

Investigative Resources Training Human Trafficking 101 Understanding trafficking Intelligence-Led Policing Making connections Collecting evidence Interview & interrogation On the street resources Working with victims Interdiction Local State Task Forces Federal Investigative

Justice System Response Training Judges Juvenile Court Officers Lawyers Prosecutors System resources & demands Adult Court: Pretrial, Trial & Sentencing Juvenile: Adjudication & Court Services Juvenile Actions CINA Delinquency Criminal Charges Federal State

Legislative Response Coordination All interested agencies develop a strategy months before the legislative session Assessment of current needs & law Funding Strategies Identify needs Consider model laws, identify resources in Iowa, develop goals and objectives of the Iowa law Proposals for Amendments All interested agencies develop a strategy months before the legislative session Develop funding streams State Federal Private

Funding Public Private Appropriations Grants Special Projects Donations Grants