Types of Stress that cause Earthquakes Chapter 8

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Types of Stress that cause Earthquakes Chapter 8

Types of Stress that cause Earthquakes Chapter 8

What is an Earthquake? • An Earthquake is the vibrations produced when a rock

What is an Earthquake? • An Earthquake is the vibrations produced when a rock snaps and breaks under different types of stress.

Types of Stress • Tensional – pulls rocks APART https: //www. as. uky. edu/

Types of Stress • Tensional – pulls rocks APART https: //www. as. uky. edu/ sites/default/files/elearn ing/module 10 swf. swf • Compressional – pushes rocks TOGETHER • Shearing – pulls rocks ALONG each other

The Elastic Rebound Theory • Rocks will bend until they reach their Elastic Limit.

The Elastic Rebound Theory • Rocks will bend until they reach their Elastic Limit. • Then they will break (crack) – This forms a Fault

How do Earthquakes Occur? • Rocks on a fault are jagged & get stuck

How do Earthquakes Occur? • Rocks on a fault are jagged & get stuck when plates move. • Stress Builds • Rocks bend until they can’t & then snap back to their original position. (Elastic Rebound Theory)

Parts of a Fault Footwall Hanging Wall

Parts of a Fault Footwall Hanging Wall

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Caused by Tensional Stress • • • Rocks/plates are pulled apart Tension causes the

Caused by Tensional Stress • • • Rocks/plates are pulled apart Tension causes the hanging wall to fall down. Divergent Boundary

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

Reverse Fault

Caused by Compressional Stress • • Rocks/plates are pushed together. Causes the Hanging wall

Caused by Compressional Stress • • Rocks/plates are pushed together. Causes the Hanging wall to move up. Earthquakes!!!! Convergent Boundary

Reverse Fault

Reverse Fault

Reverse Fault

Reverse Fault

Thrust Fault • A special Reverse fault • Angle of fault plane is shallow.

Thrust Fault • A special Reverse fault • Angle of fault plane is shallow.

Strike-Slip Fault

Strike-Slip Fault

Caused by Shearing Stress • • Rock/plates are sliding in opposite directions. Movement is

Caused by Shearing Stress • • Rock/plates are sliding in opposite directions. Movement is only horizontal. EARTHQUAKES!!! Transform Boundary

Strike Slip Fault

Strike Slip Fault

Strike – Slip Fault

Strike – Slip Fault

Oblique-Slip Fault • • • Horizontal and Vertical Movement Caused by Tensional and Shear

Oblique-Slip Fault • • • Horizontal and Vertical Movement Caused by Tensional and Shear Stress Transform and Divergent Boundaries

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