TYPES OF RESPIRATION AEROBIC ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Learning Goal

TYPES OF RESPIRATION AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Learning Goal: I will understand the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the reactants and products of each, and where and why they take place

CELLULAR RESPIRATION n Occurs in the mitochondria of both plant and animal cells (except plant cells made their only glucose through photosynthesis, and obtained glucose through eating plants, or animals that ate plants)

Mitochondria The matrix where 3 -carbon pieces that came from carbohydrates are broken down to (CO 2 and water) n The cristae is where ATP is made n

AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION n AEROBIC: Occurs with the presence of oxygen n ANAEROBIC: Occurs with the absence of oxygen

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. n The products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water and ATP. n One glucose molecule (C 6 H 12 O 6) can produce 36 ATP molecules. The following formula summarizes the reactions involved in aerobic respiration: n C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 + 36 ADP + 36 Pi 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 36 ATP

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Overall Equation: n Occurs in 2 -steps: glycolysis and oxidative respiration (or Kreb’s cycle) n GLYCOLYSIS: Occurs in cytoplasm and breaks one glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) into 2 pyruvate (C 3 H 6 O 3) and produces 2 ATP Equation: n OXIDATIVE RESPIRATION: Occurs in matrix of the mitochondria and pyruvate and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide and water, produces 34 ATP Equation:

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. n There are two types of anaerobic respiration: 1) lactic acid fermentation & 2) alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation n

Lactic Acid Fermentation n Lactic acid fermentation occurs during strenuous exercise because muscle cells break down glucose faster than oxygen can be supplied n Glycolysis breaks glucose into 2 pyruvate, and lactic acid fermentation breaks those into 2 lactate molecules

Lactic Acid Fermentation n Due to the fact that only a few chemical bonds are broken during lactic acid fermentation only 2 molecules of ATP are produced. n If oxygen was available, the lactic acid (C 3 H 6 O 3) could be oxidized (more hydrogen removed) and more energy could be released.

Lactic Acid Fermentation During strenuous exercise lactic acid can accumulate in the muscles when insufficient amounts of oxygen are being delivered to the muscles. n An accumulation of lactic acid causes pain and cramping in the area which will increase and intensify if exercise continues. n

Ethanol Fermentation n Alcoholic fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast cells. n Alcoholic fermentation also only produces 2 molecules of ATP. n During alcoholic fermentation an enzyme is used to break down glucose molecules and the result is carbon dioxide (CO 2) and alcohol (ethanol) (C 2 H 5 OH).

Alcoholic Fermentation n Yeast is used to make bread due to the fact that the carbon dioxide gas released during fermentation causes the bread to rise. The alcohol released evaporates during the baking process.

Alcoholic Fermentation Yeast is also used in the brewing industry for alcoholic beverages. n Champagne bubbles due to the release of CO 2 gas. n

How Did We Do? AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Learning Goal: I will understand the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the reactants and products of each, and where and why they take place