Types of Matter The Matter Flow Chart Matter

Types of Matter � The Matter Flow Chart

Matter Flow Chart �

Matter Flow Chart �

Matter Flow Chart �

Matter Flow Chart �

The Elements � Matter composed of only one kind of atom, where all atoms of the same kind have the same properties.

The Elements � § 90 different types exist naturally on Earth § Almost all known matter is composed of them § Common examples: H He O 2 Na Cl Fe Au sodium chlorine

The Elements � § An elemental substance can not be broken down by chemical processes § An elemental substance can not be converted into a different element by chemical processes “allotropes” of pure carbon graphite diamond charcoal

Matter Flow Chart �

Compounds � Two or more different types of elements - chemically bonded together - in fixed proportions.

Compounds � Common Examples: H 2 O CO 2 CO CH 4 Na. Cl C 8 H 18 octane C 12 H 22 O 11 sugar C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 caffeine

Compounds � What determines the compound: • The elements involved • The ratio of the elements H 2 O vs H 2 O 2 CO 2 vs CO N 2 O vs NO 2 CO vs Co

Compounds � To form a compound (from its elements) - or to separate a compound (into its elements) a chemical reaction is needed!

Matter Flow Chart �

Homogeneous Mixtures � A mixture that is uniform in its properties throughout any given sample. It is completely mixed! “Solutions”

Homogeneous Mixtures � Examples: Solids Alloys - metallic mixtures • Brass (Cu and Zn) • Bronze (Cu and Sn) • Steel (Fe, C, etc. ) • Pewter (97% Sn, Cu, Bi) (Used to be Pb and Sn)

Homogeneous Mixtures � Examples: Liquids • salt water • tea • sugar water • pop • apple juice The liquid must be “clearly transparent”

Homogeneous Mixtures � Examples: Gases • Air (N 2 and O 2, and others) • “Trimix” (N 2, He and O 2 for deep scuba) • Any combination of gases will mix thoroughly

Homogeneous Mixtures � Separated by physical processes: Examples: Evaporation

Homogeneous Mixtures � Separated by physical processes: Examples: Reverse Osmosis

Homogeneous Mixtures � Separated by physical processes: Examples: Distillation

Matter Flow Chart �

Heterogeneous Mixtures � A mixture that consists of physically distinct parts, each with different properties. Not mixed very well! “Chunky”

Heterogeneous Mixtures � Examples: • Granite • Rocky Road Ice Cream • Soil • Lasagna • Oatmeal

Heterogeneous Mixtures � Also separated by physical processes: Examples: • Filtration • Floatation • Also, any method that works on homogeneous mixtures, would also work on heterogeneous mixtures

Matter Flow Chart �

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous � A) B) C) D) An apple Bronze Copper Na. Cl O 2 6) Nitrogen 7) Sand 8) Pure water 9) Tap water 10) Orange juice