Types of Joints Articular System series of joints

• Articular System – series of joints that allow movement • Arthrology –

• Articulation can be: – Freely movable such as knee or hip •

Fibrous Joints • Immobile • Held closely together and only separated by fibrous connective

3 Types of Fibrous Joints Sutures * thin layer of fibrous tissue unites bones

Cartilaginous Joints • Slightly movable • Bones are connected by fibrocartilage (specialized connective tissue

Synovial Joints • Move freely • Ends of bones are covered by articular cartilage

• Components of joint enclosed in a joint capsule – Outer layer –

• Synovial fluid: – colorless, contains salts, fats, and other substances – Provides

• Bursa – sac full of synovial fluid, reduces the friction between tendons,

Pivot Joint • Bones that move around a central axis • Creates a rotational

Gliding Joint • Bones make a sliding motion • Move back & forth or

Hinge Joint • One bone has a convex surface which fits into a concave

Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Joint • Bones can move in many directions but can not rotate

Ball & Socket Joint • One bone has rounded end that ends into a

Saddle Joint • Two bones with complementary shape, both have concave and convex regions

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Types of Joints

• Articular System – series of joints that allow movement • Arthrology – study of joints • Joint Articulation – the connecting point of two bones – Two functions: allow motion and provide stability

• Articulation can be: – Freely movable such as knee or hip • AKA: Synovial Joints and Diarthrosis – Slightly movable such as ribs to sternum • AKA: Cartilaginous Joints and Amphiarthroses – Immovable such as the skull • AKA: Fibrous Joints and synarthroses • Name of the joints typically are a combination of the bones connected – Ex. Sternoclavicular jont (sternum and clavicle)

Fibrous Joints • Immobile • Held closely together and only separated by fibrous connective tissue • Bones very close contact

3 Types of Fibrous Joints Sutures * thin layer of fibrous tissue unites bones * fuse completely by adulthood * only found in skull Syndesmosis * slightly movable, connected by ligaments Ex: radius and ulna move as one Gomphosis * fits in a socket, held by ligaments Ex: tooth in the alveolus socket

Cartilaginous Joints • Slightly movable • Bones are connected by fibrocartilage (specialized connective tissue with thick fibers) – Example: Ribs to the sternum

Synovial Joints • Move freely • Ends of bones are covered by articular cartilage • Separated by a joint cavity • Most frequently injured • Grouped in how they work

• Components of joint enclosed in a joint capsule – Outer layer – ligaments holds bones together – Inner layer – synovial membrane produces synovial fluid

• Synovial fluid: – colorless, contains salts, fats, and other substances – Provides lubrication – Acts as a shock absorber and cushion between bones

• Bursa – sac full of synovial fluid, reduces the friction between tendons, ligaments, & bones • Meniscus – cartilaginous disc surrounded with fluid to reduce friction during movement and adds stability

Pivot Joint • Bones that move around a central axis • Creates a rotational movement

Gliding Joint • Bones make a sliding motion • Move back & forth or side to side

Hinge Joint • One bone has a convex surface which fits into a concave surface on the other bone

Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Joint • Bones can move in many directions but can not rotate

Ball & Socket Joint • One bone has rounded end that ends into a concave (socket) of another bone • Widest range of movement

Saddle Joint • Two bones with complementary shape, both have concave and convex regions