Types of Government SE 14 B Compare how

Types of Government SE 14 B – Compare how democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, republic, theocracy, and totalitarian systems operate in specific countries.

Essential Question What is the best form of government?

Important Ideas • There are several different types of government: – In a monarchy, a hereditary ruler controls the government and decides what it should do. – In a republic, people govern themselves without a monarch. – In a democracy, ordinary citizens hold supreme power because all government decisions ultimately come from the people.

Important Ideas • There are several different types of government: – In a dictatorship, power rests in the hands of an individual or a small group that tells everyone else what to do. – In a totalitarian system, a dictatorial government closely controls every aspect of a citizen’s life. – In a theocracy, religious leaders control government.

Geographic Terminology • Monarchy • Constitutional Monarch • Republic • Democracy • Direct Democracy • Representative Democracy • Dictatorship • Totalitarianism • Theocracy

What is a government? The organization that people set up to protect their community and to enforce its rules is a government. What would happen if there was no government?

Draw the chart on your own paper and write a description of each type of government and give an example. Totalitarian System Theocracy Dictatorship Monarchy Republic Types of Government Democracy

Types of government

Monarchy is probably the oldest form of government. How does the monarch usually come into power? When the ruler dies, power automatically passes to one of the monarch’s children or close relatives. It is inherited. What potential problems can you think of with this system? Kings, emperors, or sultans fulfill their role as supreme ruler by surrounding themselves with people who will help them govern. Create a list of countries that you can think of that have a monarch.

Rule By Divine Right Rulers in monarchies often claimed that they came to their position by “divine right” or by the will of God. This divine right gave the king or queen absolute power. The citizens under the monarch did not have any rights unless they were granted to them by the monarch. What options did citizens have if they were treated unfairly by the king or queen? King Henry VIII of England

Constitutional monarchy Think – Pair – Share Describe to each other what a constitutional monarchy is.

Do you recognize these people? How are they related to each other? What are their responsibilities?

Constitutional Monarchy Domestic Powers The Chief of State of the British Kingdom is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Foreign Powers What governmental responsibilities do you think the Parliament in Britain has? • Power to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister • Power to issue and withdraw passports • Power to summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament • Power to command the Armed Forces of the United Kingdom • And several other powers not listed • The power to ratify and make treaties • The power to declare War and Peace • The power to deploy the Armed Forces overseas • The power to recognize states • The power to credit and receive diplomats

How can you explain the diffusion of this form of government around the world? Do you notice any patterns to where the constitutional monarchies are located? Why is the United States not a constitutional monarch? Why does Canada use this form of government? Who is their monarch? Constitutional monarchies with representative parliamentary systems are shown in green. Other constitutional monarchies are shown in light green.

Republic A republic is a government without a king or queen. Often, the people in a republic choose representatives to make decisions. Is the United States a republic? Explain your answer and give details about the United States government.

Democracy • In a democracy, the government How do people tell the government gets its authority from the people. what they want? • In a democracy, the people have Why is it important What are the How are these certain basic rights. that people have these rights and feel comfortable? people’s basic rights in a democracy? rights protected?

Democracy Direct Democracy • First known democracy was in ancient Athens in the fifth century B. C. • Democracy is Greek for “people-power” • Citizens of ancient Athens assembled to make important decisions for their city-state • They voted on issues directly Representative Democracy • The ancient Romans developed the first representative democracy • Different social groups elected their own representatives • Representatives met in assemblies • The nobles were represented in the Senate • Governmental power was divided between these two branches and they voted on various issues

Later democracies In England, land owners elected representatives to the House of Commons, one of the two chambers in the English Parliament. When the English originally set up the colonies in North America, each colony had its own colonial legislature. In the 1800 s, several Latin American countries fought for independence, won, and set up democracies in their countries. After the United States won the Revolution, it created Congress, a two part house, to govern. The two parts are the House and Senate. Many countries were not democratic in Europe till after World War I. Many countries in Asia and Africa became democratic after they won their independence following World War II.

Emerging Democracies Think about it – What is an emerging democracy? An emerging democracy is a country that is in the process or has recently switched from an authoritarian rule to a democratic government. What problems do emerging democracies face?

Bosnia and Herzegovina Take a few minutes to look at the map and analyze the patterns. Know that each of the colors represents a different ethnic or religious group that do not share the same beliefs and ideals. In 1990 Bosnia and Herzegovina separated from Yugoslavia. This separation caused a civil war in Bosnia. What do you think was the cause of this civil war after looking at the map? The Croats wanted to join with Croatia, the Serbs wanted to unite with Serbia, and the Muslims wanted Bosnia and Herzegovina to unite. After the war ended what do you think would be a solution to satisfy each group?

The presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is held by three elected officials – 1 Bosnian Muslim, 1 Croat and 1 Serb. Each president is elected for a four year term and they rotate the chairmanship of the presidency every 8 months. There are many political parties in Bosnia that fight for elected positions every election. The Bosnian government plays a huge role in the economics of the country. While businesses are privatized and 90% of businesses are personally owned, the government owns the huge conglomerates. Changes to this system are very slow and often times met with resistance. The black market is still a huge part of the economics of Bosnia. Building of the Government in Sarajevo The Presidency building in Central Sarajevo

After reading about Bosnia, what characteristics did you notice that would make it an emerging democracy? What struggles will they face in the future as they continue forming their democracy?

Take a few minutes to view this map. It shows you countries that claim to be democracies and countries that actually are. It also shows people who fought to make these countries democracies. http: //www. nobelprize. org/educatio nal/peace/democracy_map/producti on/index. html

You will need the assignment called “Making Predictions” before you continue. Stop on this slide to answer questions 1 -4.

Democracy Index 2010. Democracy Index 2010 Key: Full democracies: Flawed democracies: 9 -10 8 -8. 9 7 -7. 9 6 -6. 9 Hybrid regimes: 5 -5. 9 4 -4. 9 Authoritarian regimes 3 -3. 9 2 -2. 9 0 -1. 9