Types of Circulatory Systems Open Circulatory System Closed

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Types of Circulatory Systems • Open Circulatory System • Closed Circulatory System

Types of Circulatory Systems • Open Circulatory System • Closed Circulatory System

Open Circulatory System • Common to mollusks (clams), crustaceans (shrimp), insects, and other invertebrates.

Open Circulatory System • Common to mollusks (clams), crustaceans (shrimp), insects, and other invertebrates. • Blood circulates by diffusing back to the heart system between cells. • All cells need to be within 1 cell from blood so the blood can soak through the body.

Example of Open Circulatory System

Example of Open Circulatory System

Closed Circulatory System • Almost all Vertebrates (animals with a backbone) have a closed

Closed Circulatory System • Almost all Vertebrates (animals with a backbone) have a closed circulatory system. • Closed circulatory systems have blood closed within vessels of different sizes. • Blood is pumped by a heart through vessels and does not fill body cavities.

Example of Closed Circulatory System

Example of Closed Circulatory System

The Clam • The clam is an animal that burrows under the sea floor.

The Clam • The clam is an animal that burrows under the sea floor. • Clams have open circulatory systems. • They are bivalves, which are mollusks that have two shells that protect a soft body. • There are over 15, 000 different species of clams worldwide. • The clams you will receive are Quahog clams or Chowder Clams (whatever the fish-monger has).

Valves • Clams have 2 valves. • In clam anatomy: valves open and close

Valves • Clams have 2 valves. • In clam anatomy: valves open and close to protect the clam and allow water to flow into and out of the animal. • The valves are essentially shells.

Three Body Regions The clam is made up of three body regions: • Head-foot

Three Body Regions The clam is made up of three body regions: • Head-foot • Mantle • Body

Mantle • The mantle coats the inside of the shells. • It is a

Mantle • The mantle coats the inside of the shells. • It is a thin film that regenerates the shells as the clam grows. In short: the mantle grows the shells.

Body • The body is a soft cavity that contains the digestive, circulatory, reproductive,

Body • The body is a soft cavity that contains the digestive, circulatory, reproductive, and nervous systems. • When people eat clams, they eat the body.

Head-Foot • The head-foot is attached to the body • It is used to

Head-Foot • The head-foot is attached to the body • It is used to help the clam move. • It also helps the clam burrow (dig a hole) to bury itself in the sand for protection.

Siphons • There are 2 siphons – Excurrent siphon and incurrent siphon • They

Siphons • There are 2 siphons – Excurrent siphon and incurrent siphon • They are 2 tube like structures that suck in water and food (incurrent) and flush out water and waste (excurrent).

Umbo • The hinge area at the top of the clam. • It holds

Umbo • The hinge area at the top of the clam. • It holds the shells (valves) together.

Heart • The clam runs on an open circulatory system. • The heart is

Heart • The clam runs on an open circulatory system. • The heart is found in the darkened area hidden underneath the umbo.

Gills • Clams do not have lungs • The have gills (like fish) for

Gills • Clams do not have lungs • The have gills (like fish) for breathing. • The gills are striated (striped).

Anterior and Posterior Retractor Muscles • The clam has 2 muscles that allow the

Anterior and Posterior Retractor Muscles • The clam has 2 muscles that allow the clam to open and close. • Anterior means left side. • Posterior means right side.