TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ONE PARENT

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION • ONE PARENT REPRODUCES OFFSPRING ALONE! • GENETIC INFORMATION (DNA) OF OFFSPRING IS IDENTICAL TO THAT OF THE PARENT!!! • UNLESS MUTATIONS (CHANGES IN DNA) OCCUR • OCCURS IN MANY UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS AND MANY SIMPLE PLANTS AND ANIMALS • QUITE RAPID AND PRODUCES MANY OFFSPRING!

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION • BINARY FISSION • BUDDING • SPORULATION • REGENERATION • VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION (NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL)

BINARY FISSION • EQUAL CYTOPLASMIC AND EQUAL NUCLEAR DIVISION (AMOUNT OF CHROMOSOMES) • EX. PROTOZOANS, (AMOEBA), YEAST, BACTERIA, AND MANY ALGAE

BINARY FISSION

BINARY FISSION IN PARAMECIUM

BUDDING (IN HYDRA) • UNEQUAL CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION • EQUAL NUCLEAR DIVISION • NEW ORGANISMS DEVELOP AS “BUDS” OFF OF PARENT • EX. HYDRA AND YEAST

BUDDING IN HYDRA AND YEAST CELLS

WHAT IF?

SPORULATION (PRODUCING SPORES) • SMALL SPECIALIZED CELLS DEVELOP INSIDE THE PARENT CELL WHICH BURSTS, RELEASING THE SPORES • EX. YEAST AND BREAD MOLDS

Fungal Sporulation on Peaches

BREAD MOLD

Yummy!

REGENERATION • THE ABILITY TO GROW AND REPLACE BODY PARTS OR AN ENTIRE NEW ORGANISM FROM A PART OF THE ORIGINAL ORGANISM • STARFISH, LIZARDS, CRABS, LOBSTERS, FLATWORMS • SMALL WOUNDS IN VERTEBRATES HEAL THIS WAY

REGENERATION IN PLANARIA (FLATWORMS)

REGENERATING A LIZARDS TAIL!

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION • NATURAL • CERTAIN PLANTS CAN REPRODUCE, (PROPAGATE) NATURALLY, (ON THEIR OWN) ASEXUALLY • EXAMPLES: • BULBS, RUNNERS, TUBERS • ARTIFICIAL • OCCURS WHEN HUMANS INTERVENE TO PROPAGATE PLANTS ASEXUALLY • EXAMPLES: • CUTTINGS, GRAFTING

NATURAL VP RUNNERS • A HORIZONTAL STEM WITH BUDS THAT GROW ALONG THE GROUND • WHERE A BUD FROM A RUNNER TOUCHES THE GROUND, A NEW PLANT GROWS! • EX. STRAWBERRIES!

BULBS • A SHORT UNDERGROUND STEM THAT CONTAINS FOOD • EX. ONIONS, GARLIC, TULIPS, IRIS

BULBS •

BULBS

TUBERS • UNDERGROUND STEM THAT CONTAINS STORED FOOD • “EYES” DEVELOP INTO TINY BUDS FROM WHICH A SHOOT GROWS TO PRODUCE ROOTS

EAT YOUR SPUDS!

ARTIFICIAL VP CUTTINGS • STEM, LEAF, OR ROOT IS CUT AND PLANTED TO PRODUCE A NEW INDIVIDUAL

GRAFTING • A SCION IS PLACED INTO A STOCK • THE SCION WILL GROW AND BECOME THE DOMINANT PLANT • EX. A SEEDLESS ORANGE SCION PLACED INTO A SEED – FILLED ORANGE STOCK WILL YIELD SEEDLESS ORANGES!

GRAFTING • STOCK • TRUNK OF TREE OR ORIGINAL BRANCH • SCION • A TWIG FROM ANOTHER TREE THAT IS PLACED INTO THE STOCK OF ANOTHER TREE