Types of Acid Base Equilibrium Problems Ms Di

Types of Acid Base Equilibrium Problems Ms. Di. Orio Rm 109

Nature of Acids and Bases • Writing conjugate acids(or bases) from a list of bases(or acids) • Identifying the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in a reaction • Explain the difference between strength and concentration • Find p. H, p. OH, [OH-], and [H+] using Kw • Order acids (or bases) by strength based on the value of Ka (or Kb)

Strong Acids and Bases • Calculate p. H (or p. OH) from concentration and vice versa • Special cases: • Very dilute strong acids (< 1 x 10 -7 M) • Mixture of strong acids • Identify the major species in solution

Weak Acids and Bases • Identify the major species in solution • Calculate p. H (or p. OH) given initial concentration and Ka (or Kb) • Calculate Ka from p. H and initial concentration • Calculate initial concentration from Ka and p. H • Calculate percent dissociation • Use percent dissociation to calculate Ka (or Kb) • Calculate the p. H (or p. OH) or a mixture of weak acids (or bases)

Polyprotic Acids • Write the stepwise acid dissociation reactions for each proton lost • Calculate the p. H given multiple Ka values

Salt Hydrolysis • Determine if a salt is acidic, basic, or neutral • Write the chemical equation for salt hydrolysis if the salt hydrolyzes • Calculate the p. H of a salt if hydrolysis occurs

Common Ions • Calculate the p. H of a weak acid/base with a common ion from a salt in solution

Buffers • Determine the p. H of a buffer solution upon addition of H+ or OH- that exceeds its buffering capacity • Calculate the concentrations/moles necessary to create a buffer at a specific p. H using the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation • Identify the best weak acid/base and conjugate to create a buffer at a specific p. H