Type Todays Date Here and Todays Objective Here

Type Today’s Date Here and Today’s Objective Here

Brainteaser What letter is next in this sequence? O, T, T, F, F, S, S, E, __ Answer Here

What are the 6 most common elements found in all living things. a. Carbon, Helium, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Potassium and Sodium b. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Potassium and Sodium c. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur d. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sodium

Today you will 1. Identify the 4 types of macromolecules found in living things.

MACROMOLECULES

Carbon has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms (organic chemistry). Because of its ability to bond to itself and other elements Carbon makes chain polymers (hundreds or thousands of carbon atoms long).

CARBON Carbon is important biological element because it can form four bonds with other elements and long chains or rings Polymer – large molecule made up of many smaller units like starch Monomer – unit that makes up polymer; glucose is the monomer for starch

Carbon Chain

What does a living organism need? Carbohydrates Lipids (fat) Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Made up of: sugar molecules that are bonded together. Simple eg. sugars = simple carbohydrates glucose Polymer eg. of sugars = complex carbohydrate cellulose and glycogen Function – energy source for living organisms

Organic Compound Carbohydrate Composed of: Examples Function C, H, O Sugar Starch cellulose Releases energy for cells

Proteins Made up of: very long chains of amino acids There are 20 different amino acids, which can combine in any order. Proteins are very large and complex molecules. Nitrogen plays an important part in proteins.

Proteins (cont. ) Functions: Needed to build and repair body structures Regulate processes in body Example: hemoglobin found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen to all the cells in the body

Organic Compound Protein Composed of: C, H, O, N Where are proteins made in the cell…? Examples enzymes Function Used to build cell parts; Made of smaller parts called amino acids

Lipids (fats, oils, and waxes) Made up of: Mostly carbon and hydrogen polymers (very long) that do not dissolve in water Function: Store energy Make up cell membranes Store vitamins Insulation (keeping warm)

Organic Compound Lipid Composed of: Examples Function C, H, O Fats Oils Waxes Stores and releases MORE energy for cells Cell membranes are made of lipids

NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids are the largest known organic molecules; made from thousands of repeating subunits called nucleotides There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA RNA © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.