Type II Diabetes in African American Adults A
Type II Diabetes in African American Adults: A Strategic Plan Aisha Abdullahi, Johnna Young, Jami Dillard, Emma Rice, Haley Goughnour HPRB 3850
Type II Diabetes Introduction ● Diabetes mellitus- chronic condition caused by a deficiency in the production of insulin by the pancreas or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin. ○ 3 Types of Diabetes: Type I, Type II, Gestational ● Type II Diabetes- insulin target cells are less responsive than usual; known as insulin resistance ○ When blood glucose concentration increases, the pancreas responds by trying to make more insulin but cannot keep up and fails to maintain the body at a normal blood glucose level.
Risk Factors of Type II Diabetes ● Overweight or obesity ○ Excess fat/ belly fat can cause insulin resistance ● Sedentary lifestyle ● Lack of physical Activity ● Unhealthy eating habits ○ High sugar and fat intake diet ○ Large portion sizes ● Family history of diabetes
Target Population ● African American adults with a high risk of developing Type II Diabetes Mellitus ○ Racial disparity among the black population ■ 2 nd highest rate of diagnoses among all races: 12. 7% ○ Of the 29. 1 million cases of diabetes in the U. S. , about 28. 9 million are adult cases ○ 90 -95% of all cases of diabetes are Type II ○ Risk factors: ■ Sedentary lifestyle, overweight/obesity, poor nutrition, prediabetes, low SES, etc.
Setting ● Athens-Clarke County ○ ○ 127, 064 total population 28. 3% of population (35, 959) Church ■ Important role in African American community ■ 47% say they go at least once a week ■ 36% say they go once or twice a month Predominantly black churches in Athens ■ Hill Chapel Baptist Church ■ First African Methodist Episcopal Church ■ Timothy Baptist Church ■ Ebenezer Baptist Church West
Intervention Plan: Socio-ecological Model ● Intervention strategies planned at each level of the socio-ecological model and each of them involve the presence of the black church
Individual Level ● Courses offered about the outcomes of the disease, nutrition, physical activity ○ Certified Diabetes Educator ○ Nutrition specialist ○ Non-profit organizations ● Assessments given at the beginning and end of each course ○ Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs ○ Identification of areas that need improvement to enhance future interventions
Interpersonal Level ● Normalize health conversations within church ○ Meetings with church leaders/members to discuss physical health along with previously established conversations about spiritual well -being ● Partner with a Dietitian and Certified Diabetes Educator ○ Nutritional education on group level ■ Cooking class ○ Group education about diabetes ● Similar to intervention on an individual level, but fosters a support grouplike environment among family and friends
Organizational Level ● Improving food options at church-related events ○ Education for those who prepare church-wide meals ○ Healthy cooking for large groups ● Garden ○ Easy access to healthy food ■ Sustainable and unprocessed ○ Fosters a sense of involvement and accomplishment among those tending the garden and cooking ■ Opportunity to engage all church members, not just those who cook meals on Sunday
Community Level ● Collaboration between community organizations ○ University of Georgia ■ Outreach through programs within Family and Consumer Sciences like Health Promotion and Dietetics programs ○ Athens Farmers Market ■ Sustainable, healthy food options and support of local economy
Policy Level ● Partner with ACA to help identify & determine preventative care options provided under various insurance policies ○ Education about applying for insurance ○ Education about coverage of preventative care ● Address medical mistrust ○ Fostering a relationship of trust between community and doctors by facilitating access to healthcare
Sustainability of Intervention ● Focus on attitudinal changes to enhance intervention results ○ Attitude is key in making sure that motivation exists to stick with the program! ● Making sure that the intervention is carried out successfully ○ If all aspects are properly implemented, the environment established is conducive to program practices being used in daily life ● Garner support from prominent members of the community ○ Pioneering initiatives & leading by example ● Maintaining relationships between both individuals & entities ● Funding ● Success stories ○ If successful in some communities, intervention could be used in other communities to see potential impact
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