Two Step Reclamation of a Petroleum Polluted Site

Two Step Reclamation of a Petroleum Polluted Site With Surfactant and ISCO Treatment Field Case Study North-West Italy 2018 IPEC Denver CO October 30, 2018

SITE LOCATION BAW S. r. l. - TRS Servizi Ambiente s. r. l. 4 ottobre 2012 2

INTERVENTION AREA NOTE: Underground tanks were removed before starting the remediation! BAW S. r. l. 3 October 26, 2018

DETECTED CONTAMINATION Reported possible fuel theft in 2013 - missing fuel! Evidence of contamination on the containment wall (In direction of nearby river) Authorities inspection along state property area and starting of Regulatory Actions LNAPL Site Characterization Unsaturated and saturated contaminated soils Groundwater: [Conc. ] < legal limits BAW S. r. l. 4 October 26, 2018

INTERVENTION AREA SITE Trench drain Removed BAW S. r. l. 3 October 26, 2018

INTERVENTION AREA BAW S. r. l. 4 October 26, 2018

ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO REMEDIATION Preliminary investigations and emergency operations Trenches in the public area by Authorities Trench drain as emergency measure Surveys and piezometers within the site Characterization Surveys and piezometers external to the site Monitoring of the aquifer Integration of emergency operation Manual removal of the free product Addition of skimmers Sanitary Risk Assessment BAW S. r. l. Complete removal of supernatant (LNAPL) Evaluation of contaminant concentrations causing risk in unsaturated soil 7 October 26, 2018

DEFINITION OF REMEDIAL ACTIONS PROCESS OF ISCO IN THE SATURATED MATRIX AND IN PART OF THE UNSATURATED SOILS PORTIONS WITH HIGH SORBED CONTAMINATION HIGH CONSUMPTION OF OXIDANT LIMITING FACTOR FOR ISCO APPLICATION PRELIMINARY TREATMENT WITH SER® TO REMOVE LNAPL (Free Phase) AND REDUCE SORBED TPH MASS SER® = SURFACTANT ENHANCED REMEDIATION BAW S. r. l. 8 October 26, 2018

SURFACTANT ENHANCED REMEDIATION IVEY-SOL SURFACTANT TECHNOLOGY Use of non-ionic, biodegradable surfactants to desorb the contamination from solid matrix and make LNAPL miscible in liquid phase to enhance mass recovery below CMC. Increases Availability of TPH for Physical, Biological, and Chemical Treatment SER was used for enhancing Physical Availability of LNAPL & Sorbed phase mass removal (only). Injected Ivey-sol was removed with TPH. ISCO was a second ‘separated’ remediation step. SURFACTANTS: molecules have hydrophobic “tail” and an hydrophilic “head” BAW S. r. l. 9 October 26, 2018

SURFACTANT ENHANCED REMEDIATION BAW S. r. l. 10 October 26, 2018

SER PUSH-PULL APPLICATION • 10 IW/EW • Mixture at 2% concentration • 1000 L/IW per event (265 Gal/IW) • + 500 L/IW in unsaturated soils (Packer Was Used) • 3 cycles: 12, 500 L of mixture (3, 307 Gal) • 37, 000 L of extracted water (9, 788 Gal) BAW S. r. l. 11 October 26, 2018

IVEY-SOL 12

PUSH-PULL APPLICATION BAW S. r. l. 13 October 26, 2018

Real-Time Field Surfactant Testing • Used the real-time field surfactant test to measuring surface tension to determine idr, and the end-points of Push. Pull applications (aids sample selection); • Takes < 30 seconds; • Cost is $0. 10 / Test; • Test has a >96% correlation with EPA laboratory surfactant test methods.

ISCO - DESIGN REAGENT DOSAGE Estimation of influence radius Spacing definition Verification of quantity of slurry PROVECT-OX BAW S. r. l. GRID OF INJECTION NOTE: No lab test was performed in the PHASE 1: SOD calculation and estimation present application. of reagent quantity needed for site conditions The dosage (3 g/kg) was estimated in PHASE 2: verification of applicability and consideration of the control of reaction by-products generated positive effects given by the previous under site conditions application of the SER technology. 15 October 26, 2018

ISCO - 13 Injection Locations BAW S. r. l. 16 October 26, 2018

ISCO Point of injection Interval (m below surface) Mass of reagent (kg) Volume of slurry (Liters) INJ 1 -INJ 5 7 -12 205 1. 300 INJ 6 -INJ 10 5 -12 290 1. 820 2. 475 15. 600 TOTAL • • • BAW S. r. l. Direct Push Injections Slurry at 15% by weight Ascending injections Injections every 50 cm 41 kg P-OX/m (260 L slurry/m) 17 October 26, 2018

ISCO BAW S. r. l. 18 October 26, 2018

ISCO BAW S. r. l. 19 October 26, 2018

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING Iron oxides in P-OX BAW S. r. l. High conductivity 20 Geoelectrics October 26, 2018

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING Legend: Surface electrods and electrods on containing wall Electrods in piezometers BAW S. r. l. 21 October 26, 2018

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING GW, P-OX, COIs: different properties Table Electrical conductivity and Temperature values for groundwater, Provect-OX and hydrocarbon BAW S. r. l. Sample Electrical Conductivity (u. S/cm) Temperature (°C) Groundwater 1050 25 Provect-OX in water 4060 25 Hydrocarbon in free phase 0. 3 25 22 October 26, 2018

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING PRE- E POST-INJECTION RESULTS PRE BAW S. r. l. 23 POST October 26, 2018

GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING PRE- E POST-INJECTION RESULTS Reduction in resistivity: 30% BAW S. r. l. 24 October 26, 2018

Groundwater: TPH<350 ug/L ISCO SER Removal of NAPL with skimmer Site characterization Manual removal of NAPL Supernatant thickness (cm) MONITORING Extracted groundwater TPH 20 mg/L 5, 700% Increase In TPH Availability For Physical Removal BAW S. r. l. 25 October 26, 2018

Monitoring & Conclusions SATURATED AND UNSATURATED SOILS TPH > 12 (mg/kg) TPH < 12 (mg/kg) PRE-REMEDIATION POST-REMEDIATION May 2013 July 2017 S 3 (UNSAT) S 3 (SAT) SC (UNSAT) SC (SAT) 17, 700. 00 16, 200. 00 130. 00 120. 00 99. 27% 99. 25% 6. 90 11. 00 97. 08% 97. 22% 236. 00 393. 00 Duration: Project Cost: < 2 Month (< 9 weeks) To Achieve Remediation 90% Less than excavation & off-site disposal 1, 150, 000 € Saving client 1, 035, 000 € ( USD) all-in cost comparison basis. Groundwater: The concentrations remain lower than the Regulatory limits even after the interventions (excavation and removal of tanks and pretreatment with surfactants) that could have mobilized contaminants BAW S. r. l. 26 October 26, 2018

Question & Answers BAW S. r. l. - TRS Servizi Ambiente s. r. l. 4 ottobre 201 Copywright 2018

CONTACT INFORMATION Claudio Sandrone, Sandrone Business Development Executive Registered office: Via Torino, 43/45 – 12037 Saluzzo (CN) Mobile: + 39 334 5715645 Email: info@baw-env. it Web: www. baw-env. it ---------------------------------------- Geore (Bud) Ivey, Ivey President & Senior Rem. Specialsit Mobile: + 1 250 203 0867 Email: budivey@iveyinternational. com Web: www. iveyinternational. com ---------------------------------------- Will Moody, Moody Director of Business Developement Mobile: + 1 908 581 6291 Email: will. moody@provectusenv. com Web: www. provectusenvironmental. com ----------------------------------------BAW S. r. l. 28 October 26, 2018