Two Roads Diverged in a Yellow Wood THE
- Slides: 10
Two Roads Diverged in a Yellow Wood… THE REFORMATION
A Conflicted Catholic Church • The Plague (and spread of heresies) • The Great Schism • The Worldly Church • Indulgences and Simony The Avignon “Vatican”
Enter Martin Luther • Lightning & Johann Tetzel – "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs. ") • 95 Theses at Wittenberg Actual Footage of Luther’s Trials – Justified by Faith / No priests or Pope needed / Personal Interpretation of Bible (in Vernacular) • Power seeking German princes protected him, Gutenberg’s Press spread ideas
John Calvin • Theocracy in Geneva, SWTZ • Institutes of the Christian Religion – Predestination • Good behavior shows who is saved – Consistory (Religious Police) outlaws fun!!!
A Tenuous Peace in Central Europe • The Peace of Augsburg (1555) • Cuius Regio, Eius Religio (Whose the realm, his the religion) – Northern Germanic states largely Lutheran, Southern states largely Catholic The front page of the document. Mainz, 1555
England & the Anglicans = Messy Stuff • Henry VIII, “Defender of the Faith” for standing against Knox and speaking against Luther – While married to Catherine of Aragon (HRE Charles V’s aunt), Henry asked for annulment to marry Anne Boleyn – Pope says NO! (didn’t want to offend HRE Charles V) • Henry Started Church of England (with the Act of Supremacy) – Loyal Catholics executed (Thomas More among them)
Period of Religious Struggle • As Henry’s son died, daughter John Smith, captain of the Mayflower Mary reconverts realm to Catholicism • At Mary’s death, half sister Elizabeth (from Anne) tries to fuse Catholic & C. O. E. ideals – Creates Anglicans • Puritans (loyal to C of E) 1620 leave for New World
The Catholic Reformation • Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent to roll back the tide of Luther – No more simony or indulgences – Better priest training • Faith AND Works reaffirmed as the way to God for Catholics
Ignatius Starts the Jesuits • Ignatius Loyola commissioned by Pope to purify the faith & re-save the souls of Christendom – The Jesuits created to teach priests & future leaders
The Legacy of the Reformation • Though mostly Catholic, Europe was religiously divided • Intolerance and Fear ruled (Witch hunts) • Political discord • Minorities suffered (Jews & Anabaptists persecuted)
