Twinning Workshop on EnergyEfficient and ClimateFriendly Refrigeration and

Twinning Workshop on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February 2019 Regional Policy Alignment: Model Energy & Refrigerant Regulations for Refrigerators and ACs Brian Holuj & Marco Duran Nihar Shah & Won Young Park Alex Hillbrand Organised by UN Environment – U 4 E Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Natural Resources Defense Council Funded by

Agenda • Overview of refrigerators and air conditioners • Overview of MEPS and Labels • Status of policies in the region • Benefits of Regional Policy Alignment / Collaboration • Opportunity to leverage U 4 E’s Model Regulations 2 Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

What appliances are we discussing? Air Conditioners Refrigerators (window, room, through-the-wall, portable) Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Why regulate air conditioners & refrigerators? Adoption is growing rapidly, greatly increasing impact on energy grids, climate, and more. TWh 1. 6 B ACs All Developing Countries Source: U 4 E (2017). Refrigerators Policy Guide Source: IEA (2018). The Future of Cooling Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February 5. 2 B ACs

Energy efficiency and refrigerant GWP Energy efficiency: amount of cooling an AC or refrigerator provides for a given amount of electricity it uses. Emissions from generating the electricity emit pollution and GHGs. Refrigerants: gases inside ACs and refrigerators that allow them to cool. When emitted (leaks, vented at the end of product life), many deplete the ozone and warm the planet Energy Efficiency + Refrigerants = Climate Impact Why regulate together? • Aligned timing of regulations lowers industry costs. • Refrigerant choice affects energy efficiency and vice versa. • Balanced requirements on each can reduce climate impact most cost effectively • Consumer awareness of energy efficiency can be used to build refrigerant awareness. And more…. Can we do it? Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Good AC energy efficiency is not expensive Manufacturing costs and retail prices do not necessarily increase between low energy efficiency (APF 2. 7) and good energy efficiency (APF 3. 5) Many efficient products are already available (see green squares) Source: LBNL Analysis Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Lower-GWP refrigerants are available, too. Air conditioning: ~55 million units use R-32 (GWP 677) as of June 2018* Godrej has sold 600, 000 with R-290 (GWP 3) in India & SE Asia as of Sept 2018** Refrigerators: 500 million units use R-600 a (GWP 3) as a refrigerant as of Sept 2015 – flammability issues have been fully addressed*** Regulations limiting refrigerant GWP in new products ensure the market transitions to better alternatives without unnecessary delay * https: //www. daikin. com/csr/information/influence/hfc 32. html ** http: //hydrocarbons 21. com/articles/8543/sales_of_r 290_rac_units_hits_600_000_says_godrej *** UNEP Report of the Technology & Economic Assessment Panel (September 2015) Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Energy Efficiency of Products in the Market MEPS & High Performance Product Labels Incentives, recognition and/ or other support for top products MEPS should ban all used imports and inefficient / high-GWP new products Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

MEPS & labelling policies unlock multiple benefits increasing over time • Reduce stress on electric grid – don’t build as much new capacity; reduce outages (particularly during heat waves) • Extremely cost effective – reduces electric bills • Improve air quality • Help meet CO 2 savings targets Source: United for Efficiency (2017), Accelerating the Global Adoption of Energy Efficient and Climate Friendly Household Refrigerators Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Sources: AHAM, Rosenfeld (1999), LBNL, and Bureau of Labor Statistics Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Status of MEPS & Labels in the Region: Refrigeration Mandatory New Development Voluntary / Unknown No Data Found Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Status of MEPS & Labels in the Region: Air Conditioning Mandatory New Development Voluntary / Unknown No Data Found Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

U 4 E Model Regulations – How They Work Approach: ü Allow only efficient, lower-GWP products ü Encourage higher performing products through labelling ü Vary requirements to capture climatic differences ü Incorporate proven best practices and standards Benefits: ü Simplify adoption and implementation of a robust regulation ü Catalyze product innovation, giving consumers more choice ü Harmonize requirements to reduce trade barriers and unlock economies of scale to make products more affordable ü Enable more effective market enforcement using proven test procedures and an easier exchange of compliance info Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Climate Classes – Capturing Regional Temperature Differences Varying requirements by climate classes helps countries get products suited to local conditions, and unlocks economies of scale as fewer models are needed to meet regulations Air Conditioners (including heat pumps) Refrigerators Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Test and Energy Performance Evaluation Methods Refrigerators Air Conditioners • • • Refrigerators Refrigerator-Freezers Reference Standards • IEC 62552: 2015 (Part 1, 2, and 3) • • ISO 16358: 2013 (Part 1, 2, and 3) ISO 5151: 2017 Key parameters • • • Volume adjusted by compartment • Manual/automatic defrost Energy consumption measured at • 16°C and 32°C Performance measured at 35°C (and 46°C for extremely hot-dry regions) Outdoor temperature bin hours by climate classes (per ASHRAE definitions) Efficiency metric • Annual Energy Consumption (k. Wh/year) for 25°C (or another reference temperature) Category • • Air conditioners, Heat pumps (reversible) Fixed-speed, variable-speed Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor (CSPF, Wh/Wh) for coolingonly units Annual Performance Factor (APF, Wh/Wh) for reversible heat pumps Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Energy Performance Requirements Refrigerators Air Conditioners • Energy use requirements comparable with current requirements in India and EU A+. • In 2015, nearly all products in the EU were qualified as A+ or higher. • Fixed-speed requirements are more stringent than MEPS in Brazil, China, India, and Mexico. • Variable-speed requirements are comparable to current 3 & 4 -Star in India Model Regulations Banned in the EU Inefficient products can’t meet these levels, and there are stretch tiers for labels. Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Refrigerant & Foam Blowing Agent Requirements • Requirements for ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) over a 100 -year time horizon • Refrigerant designation (ISO 817), Safety requirements (IEC 603352 -24; -40) Refrigerators GWP 20 ODP 0 Air Conditioners • 750 (Split system) • 150 (Self-contained system) 0 ODP: Per Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Seventh Edition, annexes A, B, C and E. GWP: Per Climate Change 1995, The Science of Climate Change: Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary of the Working Group I Report, page 22. Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Functional Performance Requirements Refrigerators Voltage & • Frequency Tested at a test AC voltage and frequency, as described in IEC 62552 -1. Air Conditioners • Tested at a test AC voltage and frequency, as described in ISO 5151 Voltage Tolerance • All units shall operate appropriately with the rated voltage with surge protection +/- 15%. Other • The temperature inside the fresh food compartment and freezer compartment of the refrigerating appliance shall be adjustable to +4°C and -18°C, respectively, as described IEC 62552 -3. Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Product Information Requirements Shall indicate: ü Model name / number ü Country where the product was manufactured ü Volume of different compartments and indication of whether they are frost-free [refrigerators only] ü Rated performance grade ü Yearly energy consumption in k. Wh ü Refrigerant and foam-blowing agent [refrigerators only] designation per ISO 817 or ASHRAE 34, including ODP and GWP Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Compliance, Surveillance, & Conformity Government is responsible for checking compliance and surveilling the market. Manufacturers barred from selling non-compliant models; enforcement actions if not rectified* Manufacturers / importers submit Conformity Assessment Reports (CARs) for review prior to making the product available for sale. CARs are valid for 24 months. Updated CARs must be submitted 90 days prior to expiration. Regulations enter into force within 1 -2 years of beginning the adoption procedure (~2021). Requirements should be strengthened after 5 years, based on updated market assessment. * More details may be found in the 2017 U 4 E Policy Guides Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Discussion Contents: • Include several examples of label designs? • Does this meet your country’s needs? • Other suggestions? Collaboration: • Who may be interested in providing input on the drafts? • Would your government potentially be interested in exploring adoption of such model regulations? • What is the biggest challenge that you face with getting involved? Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Contact TRANSFORMING MARKETS TO ENERGY-EFFICIENT PRODUCTS Brian Holuj Nihar Shah Won Young Park Noah Horowitz Alex Hillbrand +33 1 44 37 42 60 U 4 E Cooling Coordinator Energy Policy Research +1 510 295 8739 nkshah@lbl. gov Scientist Scientific Engineering +1 510 495 2252 wypark@lbl. gov Associate Director for EE +1 415 875 6100 nhorowitz@nrdc. org Standards, Energy & Transportation Energy Efficiency and +1 202 289 2413 ahillbrand@nrdc. org Climate Advocate brian. holuj@un. org

Harmonization matters! Harmonizing MEPS, refrigerant requirements and labels regionally: • Simplifies adoption • Governments can rely on common requirements, test methods, labeling, shared verification procedures, and lower trade barriers • Creates market uniformity • Manufacturers can limit the number of models they design and sell, saving costs • Lowers consumer cost • Economies of scale lower costs for consumers • Greater market uniformity allows higher energy efficiency, saving costs A win-win for governments, industry, and consumers Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February

Product Labelling impact Source: Presentation by Emily Mc. Qualter of IEA at Bangkok. Twinning Workshop (2018). Twinning Workshop 2019 on Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning • Paris, France • 21 -22 February