Turning a Blind Eye towards Armageddon US leaders

Turning a Blind Eye towards Armageddon: ` US leaders reject the nuclear winter studies Steven Starr Associate Member, Nuclear Peace Age Foundation Senior Scientist, Physicians for Social Responsibility

Peer-reviewed scientific studies of the consequences of nuclear war n n n A. Robock, L. Oman, G. Stenchikov, (2007). “Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences”, Journal of Geophysical Research –Atmospheres, Vol. 112 O. B. Toon, R. Turco, A. Robock, C. Bardeen, L. Oman, G. Stenchikov, (2007). “Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism”, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7 M. Mills, O. B. Toon, R. Turco, D. Kinnison, R. Garcia , (2008). “Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), vol. 105 M. Mills, O. B. Toon, J. Lee-Taylor, A. Robock. (2014) “Multidecadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss following a regional nuclear conflict” . American Geophysical Union, DOI: 10. 1002/2013 EF 000205 A. Robock, L. Oman, G. Stenchikov, O. B. Toon, C. Bardeen, R Turco. (2007). “Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts”. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7

H i r o s h i m a

Hiroshima 6 months after the atomic bomb

Nuclear Firestorm from an Atomic bomb

5 million tons of smoke from India-Pakistan war enters the stratosphere

Cloudless sky obscured by 3 -4 million tons of smoke in the stratosphere after an India-Pakistan atomic war

Castle Bravo 15 million tons of TNT explosive power

Explosive Power Largest US non nuclear bomb = 12 tons TNT Atomic bomb Hiroshima = 15, 000 tons TNT Smallest strategic weapon 100, 000 tons TNT Large strategic weapon 1, 200, 000 tons TNT Largest nuclear weapon test 57, 000 tons TNT

Hiroshima versus Castle Bravo

Atomic Bomb Thermonuclear (strategic) Bomb n U. S, Russia, China, France, UK, Israel India, Pakistan, North Korea US, Russia, UK, France, China, Israel

150 million tons of smoke surrounds the Earth after a US-Russian nuclear war Animated smoke graphics produced by Dr. Luke Oman of the National Center for Atmospheric Research

Cloudless sky obscured by 150 million tons of smoke in the stratosphere after a US-Russian nuclear war adapted from Scientific American, (2010) “Local Nuclear War, Global Suffering”, Robock & Toon

Nuclear Winter Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1984

The US Nuclear Weapons Council has stated that “the predictions of nuclear winter were disproved years ago”. The members of the US Nuclear Weapons Council include: n n n The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Under Secretary for Nuclear Security of the Department of Energy The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy The Commander of the United States Strategic Command

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Self-Assured Destruction” (2013) “A nuclear war between Russia and the United States, even after the arsenal reductions planned under New START, could produce a nuclear winter. Hence, an attack by either side could be suicidal, resulting in selfassured destruction. ” A. Robock, O. B. Toon, (2013). “Self-assured destruction: The climate impacts of nuclear war”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

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WORLD NEWS | Sat Oct 8, 2016 | 2: 04 pm EDT Russia moves nuclear-capable missiles into Kaliningrad A Russian serviceman walks past Russian Iskander-M missile launchers before a rehearsal for the Victory Day parade.

No political or national goals are worth risking the destruction of the human race

Long-term environmental consequences of nuclear war n Nuclear firestorms produce a global stratospheric smoke layer that: 1. 2. 3. 4. n Destroys Earth’s protective ozone layer Blocks warming sunlight for decades Creates Ice Age weather conditions Eliminates growing seasons No food could be grown for years: humans and most animals starve

Russian and US nuclear briefcases (called “nuclear footballs”)

Asteroid Impact

Debris from the asteroid heated the upper atmosphere to 2700 degrees Fahrenheit Dinosaurs were broiled alive

n n All forests on Earth set on fire Smoke layer forms above cloud level All sunlight blocked by smoke for years Prolonged cold and dark forms “Impact Winter”