Turn to page 7 in your notebook 1

Turn to page 7 in your notebook 1. What is located at 0 degrees latitude 2. What is located at 0 degrees longitude 3. List the continents 4. List the oceans 5. What is located at 23 ½ degrees N 6. What is located at 23 ½ degrees S 7. Draw a line of longitude 8. Draw a line of latitude

These are called “Cardinal Directions “ or points Put your pencil on your map so the pointed end points north Put your pencil on your map so the pointed end points south Put your pencil on your map so the pointed end points east Put your pencil on your map so the pointed end points west

These are called “Intermediate Directions” or points • Now put your pencil on the map so that it points southeast • Northeast • Southwest • Northwest

Now draw a compass rose in the south central area of your map, include the cardinal and intermediate points

• The sun’s energy ‘powers’ the evaporation of H 2 O from the oceans • Water vapor circulates in the atmosphere and is precipitated as rain or snow over the land Arctic • Water in the air that falls to the ground is replaced every 12 days by the continuous process of evaporation Atlantic Pacific Indian • 97% of the world’s water is in the oceans • Another 2% is frozen in the ice caps of Greenland Antarctica • Only 1% is on the surface of the earth • Where are the main bodies of water on this map? • What are they called? • Label the four oceans on your map

3. North America 6. Europe 1. Asia 2. Africa 4. South America 7. Australia 5. Antarctica • What are the main bodies of land on this map? • What are they called? • Label the world’s seven continents and place a number from one to seven by each indicating the relative size (1 being the largest, 7 being the smallest)

• Remember: Parallels of latitude run East to West, but are measured North and South • Who can come and point to 32 degrees North Latitude? Find the equator on your map. Label it What type of line is this? This is a parallel of latitude (they care called parallels because the lines are always parallel to each other, they never meet) Remember, latitude =like a ladder

• Remember: Meridians of Longitude are LONG, they run North/South but are measured East to west • Who can locate 155 degrees east ? • Find the prime meridian on your map • Run your finger along it • What type of line is this? • This is a meridian of longitude , They run from the North Pole to the South Pole • The are not parallels (they are farther apart at the equator and touch at the Poles)

Important things to remember • The starting point for measuring parallels of latitude is the equator • The equator is located at 0° • The North Pole is 90°N and the South Pole is 90° S • The starting place for measuring longitude is the prime meridian • The prime meridian is located at 0° • There is one line that is the same distance east and west of the PM, it is the International Dateline and is 180°, exactly halfway around the world from the PM

Using parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude, we can provide the absolute location of any place on earth • Locate these points: v 40°N, 60 °W v 60 °N, 120 °E v 20 °S, 120 °E

40°N, 60 °W 60 °N, 120 °E 20 °S, 120 °E

Northern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere • What do we call the half of Earth north of the equator? • The half south? • The half west of the Prime Meridian? • East?

• The equator and the prime meridian are imaginary lines used to navigate • Another imaginary line drawn straight through Earth connecting the North Pole to the South Pole is Earth’s axis of rotation. • This line is tilted 23. 5° from Earth’s orbital path around the Sun. • This tilt is the cause of Earth’s seasons. • Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23. 5°. That makes the latitudes of +23. 5° and − 23. 5° special. But how? The Sun is directly overhead at "high-noon" on Summer Solstice at the latitude called the Tropic of Cancer.

The Sun is directly overhead at "high-noon" on Winter Solstice at the latitude called the Tropic of Capricorn.

• What is the line of latitude situated at 23½°N called? • What is the line of latitude situated at 23 ½°S called? • Label these two lines on your map •

Important things to remember: • The tropics are all the land water of Earth, situated between the Tropic of Cancer (23½°N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½°S) • Every point within the tropics receives the perpendicular (L) rays of the sun at noon on at least one day of the year • The sun is directly overhead at latitude 23 ½°N on June 21 st or 22 nd (the summer solstice) • The sun is directly overhead at latitude 23 ½°S on December 21 st or 22 nd (the winter solstice) • These solstice days are the days with the most (for Summer) or fewest (for Winter) hours of sunlight during the whole year.

What is represented by the yellow areas on this map? Where are these areas predominately located? Between what parallels? Why do you think this is so?

Wind is created from rising and sinking air (air of different temperatures) • What is represented on this map? • Why do we have wind? • Why is the earth heated unevenly? • In which direction(s) are the arrows pointed? • What seems to interfere or alter the movement?

• The region of Earth receiving the Sun's direct rays is the equator. • Here, air is heated and rises, leaving low pressure areas behind. • Moving to about thirty degrees north and south of the equator, the warm air from the equator begins to cool and sink. • Between thirty degrees latitude and the equator, most of the cooling sinking air moves back to the equator. • The rest of the air flows toward the poles. • The air movements toward the equator are called trade winds • warm, steady breezes that blow almost continuously. • The Coriolis Effect makes the trade winds appear to be curving to the west, whether they are traveling to the equator from the south or north.

• What happens to warm air? • What happens to colder air? • What happens when cold air meets warmer air? • Think about a glass filled with ice in a hot room • Remember: • Low pressure attracts precipitation • High Pressure pushes moisture and precipitation away How would this impact climate at the equator? What about climate in the tropics? What about climate at 30°N and S?

• What environments would you expect to find near the equator – Remember: what pressure system is in place there? – How will this impact climate and thus impact environment • What environments would you expect to find near the Horse Latitudes? – Remember: pressure systems and climates = environments

Quiz!!! • Make sure your map is complete • You will have a short quiz at the beginning of the period tomorrow • This will count for a grade

Prime Meridian Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer EQUATOR Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle