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Activity: Newspaper title You need to come up with 3 Newspaper titles, these should be at least 5 words long CNN 10

Roman Republic

Geography Rome is located on the peninsula of Italy. The Mediterranean Sea provides transportation and food. Italy provides fertile plains and river valleys for food and easy communication.

The Roman Republic Rome was founded around 509 BCE. Romans founded a new type of government called a republic. In a republic people chose officials to represent them. The highest form of government in Rome was the Senate. Senators were wealthy landowners (called Patricians. )

The Roman Republic Cont… The senators elected two Consuls, their jobs were to run the government and command the army.

Society was Divided Into Classes Upper class Romans were known as patricians. These people held nearly all the important political offices. Common farmers, artisans, and merchants were known as plebeians. These two classes were based on birth alone. The line between the two classes was extremely rigid.

Roman Society Roman families were headed by the eldest male. The Romans emphasized discipline, strength, and loyalty. Women had many rights and duties in Roman society. She did not, however have the key right, the right to vote. Officially, the Roman women were expected to remain in the background.

Roman Religious Ideals Romans were polytheistic, believing in many gods and spirits. Knowledge of the Greek Gods filtered into Roman culture. This is known as cultural diffusion. The Greek God Zeus became the almighty Roman God Jupiter. The Greek Goddess Hera became the Roman Goddess Juno.

Rome Built a Mighty Army Both patricians and plebeians lead double lives as farmers and soldiers because of the constant threat of war. All male citizens were required to serve in the army, and no one could hold public office until he served 10 years as a soldier.

Rome Built a Mighty Army Massive military units were called legions. Which consisted of: Infantry: 4, 000 -6, 000 Heavily armed foot soldiers. Cavalry: Smaller groups on horseback that assisted the infantry. Each legion was divided into 60 smaller groups called a century.

A Fight with Carthage By 270 BC Rome had conquered all of Italy. They went on to control northern Africa (Carthage), Greece and parts of Asia Minor. But the expansion also led to much corruption. The long battles with Carthage were called the Punic Wars

Ruling the Mediterranean The Romans were committed to imperialism Imperialism is the establishment of control over foreign lands and people Busy trade routes brought in all kinds of riches into Rome Why would high class riches separate the people of Rome?

Julius Caesar came to power in 48 BCE. Under Julius Caesar Rome conquered many lands. Caesar also reformed the government, founded libraries and planned public work projects.

Caesar Murdered Caesar was murdered in 44 BCE by a group of Roman aristocrats who feared his power and did not want a dictator.

Augustus After Julius Caesar died, his grandnephew, Octavian (Augustus) took over. Augustus ruled with absolute power and was the first emperor of Rome. This began the Roman Empire period during which Rome was ruled by a series of emperors.

Under Augustus Rome enjoyed a peaceful period that lasted about 200 years. This was referred to as the Pax Romana. The government maintained order, enforced laws, defended the borders and helped the poor. Many public works projects were conducted, such as aqueducts, canals and roads.

Solid paved roads were built to assist trade and communication around the empire. Many still exist today.

Roman aqueducts were incredible works of engineering and architecture. The aqueducts could carry up to 300 million gallons of water to the city of Rome every day.

Roman architecture borrowed Greek elements, but made them more grand heavy. Roman architects designed arches and domes that could carry great weights.

The Colosseum

Cultural Contributions Roman poets, historians and philosophers like Virgil and Tacitus wrote works in Latin that survive to this day. Latin is the root of several modern languages. Roman numerals can also be seen in many places today.

Legal Contributions – VERY important The most valued contribution and legacy of the Romans to the world was the Twelve Tables of written laws. The Roman legal system provided security for the empire, equality under the law, the right to a defense and to be considered innocent until proven guilty. The Roman legal system inspired legal principles still practiced around the world today.

Rise of Christianity Romans paid little attention to Christianity at first then began to see it as a threat to society Persecution of Christians began under Emperor Nero around 64 A. D. Nero blamed Christians for the fire that burned Rome. He subjected them to cruel deaths Persecution strengthened Christianity forcing it to become more organized

Roman Acceptance of Christianity and was appealing to the poor because it viewed everyone as equal Viewed Christianity as having a better life and the unity of the Roman empire also eased the work of missionaries Diocletian was the last major emperor to enforce persecution of Christians. He soon realized that Christianity was too powerful to be destroyed by force

Roman Acceptance of Christianity Constantine =first Christian Emperor from 306 -337 A. D. He issued Edict of Milan that tolerated Christianity in Rome Theodosius the Great = adopted Christianity as official religion in 380 A. D.

Decline and Fall Rome wasn’t built in a day and it took a long time to decline. Eventually emperor Diocletian divided the empire into eastern and western empires in 284 CE. While the western empire fell into chaos and was invaded, the eastern empire survived as a center of trade and culture and became the Byzantine Empire.

Rome Greece