TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE International migration data sources and

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE International migration data sources and recent developments in Turkey M. Doğu KARAKAYA TURKSTAT Expert Population and Migration Statistics Group Demographic Statistics Department 24 th September, 2014 Geneva Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE CONTENT MIGRATION HISTORY OF TURKEY ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES DATA SOURCES BRIEF CONCLUSION TRADITIONAL POPULATION CENSUSES ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM (ABPRS) 2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group MAIN FINDINGS

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE MIGRATION HISTORY OF TURKEY Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Migration History of Turkey q 1960 - 1973 q 1974 q 1980 q 1985 → → q Emigration Country Emigration (Labour Migration) Family Reunification Return to Country Immigration Country » » » Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group transit migration illegal migration return migration

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Data Sources q Population Censuses q Administrative sources Establishment of ABPRS (2007) • Annual statistics foreign residents q Surveys Low proportion of immigrants or foreigners No survey on migration No ad-hoc module in regular household surveys Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Population Censuses in Turkey History q first census in 1927, q second census in 1935, q every five years between 1935 -1990, q last traditional census in 2000 Totally 14 traditional population censuses. Method q Traditional census method (face to face interview), q Standard questionnaire, q De facto population census definition, q One day application with national curfew (no permission go out). Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Traditional Population Census q Place of birth → 1927 -2000 q Country of citizenship → 1927 -2000 q Place of permanent residence → 1980 -2000 q Place of permanent residence five years ago → 1980 -2000 Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Population Censuses in Turkey Main Problems q No information on usual residence (de jure), q Over-counting (imaginary) population, q High cost q Duration of data processing around 3. 5 years, q Restricted questions because of the one-day application, q Information on population size and their characteristics available within ten-year interval. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Target Changing the system from traditional census to register-based census Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM (ABPRS) Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) was established in 2007 Purpose: q To establish National Address Database (NAD) q all addresses within the boundaries of the country q To establish ABPRS q information on place of residence of all people living in the country. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE WHAT IS ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM? Personal Information Address ABPR S MATCHED personal information from MERNIS and addresses from NAD by using the Turkish Republic identification numbers Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Co (n ns ild ew tru in gs bu ctio ild n in Fo gs rm ) s Bi di rth, vo d rc ea e th , m ar ria ABPRS NAD e th f the g lin n o l tro atio n c Co otifi ges n an ch , MERNIS ies c n e Inc r con easin scio g th usn e ess s ice rv se its of n s u e ng tive Cha inistra adm he rt Population and Migration Statistics Group fo Demography Statistics Department e Us Const ruc reside ting new ntial a reas of a ag Bo se rde ttle r c m ha en ng t es Use e of th ge Ch res ange ide s o f nc e a usu dd al res s B De urne m d ol an ish d ed Bu Ch ad ange d s com ress of po ne nts Updating the System

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Definitions Foreigners : Civil Registration Law mention in Art. 8: “Foreigners who for whatever reason have obtained residence permit for aliens to remain in Turkey for at least six months period shall be entered in the Foreigners register”. In addition the rules for the Address Based Population Registration System includes in the database foreigners residing in Turkey and defined as follows: “Foreigners who reside in Turkey for a period of at least 6 months or come to Turkey with the intention of residing here for at least 6 months”. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Problems in Having Update Foreigner Data 1. Many foreigners have residence permits but not registered in the ABPRS • These are updated by using residence permits which are kept from General Directorate of Security 2. Leave the country although there is still a valid residence permit. 3. Still reside in the country illegally although duration of residence permit expired Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Weaknesses of the ABPRS regarding to migration The ABPRS only allows to estimate the stocks of foreign citizens Not allowed to get information on: q flow statistics q arrivals of foreigners q Turkish citizens living abroad. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE 2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF TURKEY (USE OF REGISTERS FOR CENSUS PURPOSE) Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Why did we need a census ? Purpose To obtain information that are not available in the ABPRS and other administrative registers or can not obtained from regular household surveys in province and district level. Such as labor force , characteristics of buildings and dwellings, migration characteristics, etc. Legal base The 2007 -2011 Official Statistics Program of Turk. Stat, and in line with EU Requirements Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Topics Covered in the 2011 PHC Indicators regarding to the immigration: q q q q Citizenship, Place of birth, Place of usual residence one year prior to the census, Place of usual residence five years prior to the census, Reason for migration Ever resided abroad Year of arrival in the country Foreigners constitute less than 1 percent of the total population, Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Migration-related Topics Covered in the Censuses Traditional censuses 2011 PHC De-facto De-jure Country of birth ü ü Country of citizenship ü x 1 ü ü Definition for residency rule Ever resided abroad x Country of residence 1 year prior to the census x Country of residence 5 years prior to the census ü x q 1: In Turkey, the share of the foreign citizens in total population is less than 1%. During the analysis stage, it was determined that in the census sample, foreign citizens could not be very well represented. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group 20

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Administrative Data Sources Compiled by Related Organizations The Ministry of Interior Data on Naturalization Address Register System Foreign Population by Place of Residence in Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs Visa information Data on Turkish Citizens Living Abroad Turkish National Police Resident Permits Border Statistics Asylum Statistics İllegal Migration Min. of Labor & Soc. Security Work Permits Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group 21 16. 9. 2020

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Establisment of a New Organization General Directorate of Migration Management Law on Foreigners and International Protection has been adopted in 2013 and entered into force in 2014. By the Law, comprehensive, coherence and human-based migration management system has been established in Turkey. This system is conducted by a civilian institution. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Establisment of a New Organization General Directorate of Migration Management Responsibility : for implementing policies and strategies related to migration and carrying out the tasks and procedures related to regular irregular migration, international protection, temporary protection, stateless persons protection of victims of human trafficking Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE New Structure of Administrative Organizations General Directorate of Migration Management General Directorate of Civil Registration and Nationality Data on Naturalization Address Register System Foreign Population by Place of Residence in Turkey Turkish National Police Border Statistics Resident Permits İllegal Migration Ministry of Labor and Social Security Asylum Statistics Ministry of Foreign Affairs Work Permits Data on Turkish Citizens Living Abroad Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group Visa information

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Administrative Data Sources Summary of administrative data q Border Registers: lack of flow data on international migration q Residence Permits: Stock data on immigration q Asylum seekers q Work permits: (Very strong data source) data bank of foreigners working in Turkey q Data on naturalizations q Data on citizens abroad: limited information Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE BRIEF CONCLUSION Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Conclusion q As Turkey is both a country of immigration and an emigration, there is a vital need for improving the data sources and statistics on international migration. q Statistics on international migration are insufficient q Most of the administrative data sources are traditionally used for administrative purposes only. q But, q the coordination between organizations q awareness about the importance of data need q accuracy have been improved. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE PLANS FOR THE FUTURE Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Future Planning There is high level of interest in Turk. Stat and related organizations q General Directorate of Migration Management (new), q Turkish National Police, q Ministry of Labor and Social Security, q General Directoratesof Civil Registration and Nationality q Ministry of Foreign Affairs) to improve international migration statistics. The aim of these studies is to produce and disseminate comparable and reliable statistics on international migration with the EU standards. Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE MAIN FINDINGS Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Immigration in Turkey, 1975 -2011 Censuses Period Size of immigrants % in total population 1975 -1980 254 171 0, 66 1980 -1985 410 232 0, 92 1985 -1990 388 994 0, 77 1995 -2000 234 111 0, 38 2007 -2011* 316 000 0, 42 *between 1975 -2000, the information is derived from the question "Place of residence 5 years prior to the census". In 2011, the information is derived from the question "ever resided abroad and year of arrival" Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Foreign Born s based on Traditional Population Census Stock of foreign born in Turkey, reported by Censuses 1935 -2000 Total number of foreign Census Year Foreign born (%) born 1935 962 159 5. 95 1945 832 616 4. 43 1950 755 526 3. 61 1955 845 962 3. 52 1960 952 515 3. 43 1965 903 074 2. 88 1970 889 170 2. 50 1980 868 195 1. 94 1985 934 990 1. 85 1990 1 133 152 2. 01 2000 1 260 530 1. 86 Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Stock of foreign-born in Turkey, 1935 -2011 Censuses Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Foreign Population Based on ABPRS Stock of foreign born in Turkey, reported by ABPRS, 2007 -2013 ABPRS Year Total Population Foreign population (%) 2007 70 586 256 98 064 0. 14 2008 71 517 100 104 441 0. 15 2009 72 561 312 167 344 0. 23 2010 73 722 988 190 531 0. 26 2011 74 724 269 242 128 0. 32 2012 75 627 384 278 664 0. 37 2013 76 667 864 456 506 0. 60 Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Foreign Population Based on ABPRS The most common 10 foreign citizenship residing in Turkey according to the ABPRS, 2012 -2013 Citizenship 2012 2013 Total 278 664 456 506 Germany 25 589 59 026 Syria 10 067 57 896 Iraq 19 124 31 138 Afghanistan 19 539 27 893 Azerbaijan 18 917 26 227 Russian Fed. 15 582 20 650 Iran 12 211 16 834 United Kingdom 9 309 15 999 Bulgaria 12 157 14 147 Georgia 15 653 13 475 Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Residence permits based on Administrative Registers The number of residence permit by type of residence according to the administrative registers Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Asylum Applications based on Administrative Registers The number of asylum applications according to the administrative registers, 2005 -2013 Number Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group Asylum Applications by years

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Work Permits based on Administrative Registers Distribution of work permits by years and sex according to the administrative registers, 2003 -2013 Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group

TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Thank you for your attention ! Demography Statistics Department Population and Migration Statistics Group