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Turkey, Cyprus & The EU

Turkey & The EU

Turkey & The EU Erdogan and the AKP

Turkey & The EU

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The Cyprus Conflict

The Cyprus Conflict • • • Timeline 1878 Ottomans cede Cyprus to Britain for protection against Russia Enosis 1931 Uprising/Constitution Revoked 1946 Consultative Assembly/rtn of 31 exiles 1950 Michael Mouskos becomes Archbishop Makarios III

The Cyprus Conflict Archbishop Makarios III

The Cyprus Conflict • 1954 Greece calls on UN to enforce selfdetermination for the people of Cyprus • 1954 Britain & Turkey rejects call for enosis • 1955 Open Rebellion/EOKA George Grivas leads guerrilla war against the British/TMT forms (Turk Mukavenet Teskilatu) • 1960 (9 August) Cypriot Independence • Treaty of Guarantee: Britain, Turkey & Greece

The Cyprus Conflict • 1963 Makarios introduces new constitution which ensures dominance of Greek Cypriots • Looting and destruction of Turkish villages creates enclaves and revival of TMT/ • Fear of Turkish invasion, Makarios agrees to British intervention • 1964 6500 UN Peacekeepers join British soldiers

The Cyprus Conflict • 1964 National Guard formed by Greek Cypriot Government as deterrent to Turkish invasion/Grivas returns to command • 1967 Military Coup in Athens/Makarios moves to nonalignment • National Guard subverted by right-wing proenosis officers and splits with Makarios/EOKA B supported by Greek Junta

The Cyprus Conflict • 1974 Grivas dies of heart attack. National Guard comes more under control of Athens Junta • Makarios demands removal of 650 Greek officers in National Guard • July 15 Reply comes in the form of coup led by EOKA gunman and convicted murderer Nicos Sampson • Makarios narrowly escapes palace attack to London • Failed London negotiations result in Turkish invasion on 20 July 1974

The Cyprus Conflict

The Invasion of Cyprus 1974 ► 15 July 1974 – The government of Archbishop Markarios overthrown by Nikos Sampson ► 17 July 1974 – Turkish Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit flys to London ► 20 July 1974 – Turkish forces invade northern Cyprus ► 21 July 1974 – The attack on destroyers Kocatepe, Adatepe, and F. V. Cakmak northwest of Cape Arnauti

The Cyprus Conflict Turkish Invasion of 1974

CDR Guven Erkaya

T. C. G. Kocatepe Ex-USS Harwood

T. C. G Kocatepe

T. C. G Kocatepe

Admiral Guven Erkaya 28 Feb 97

The Cyprus Conflict Defacto partition of Cyprus since 1974 – The”Atilla” Line

The Cyprus Conflict • Annan Settlement and Referendum 2004 – Presidential council (6 members, 4 Greek, 2 Turks) – Bicameral legislature (upper house 24: 24, Lower house proportional) – Supreme Court (Equal representation) – 65% Turkish approval – 73% Greek dissapproval

The Cyprus Conflict 2011 Istanbul 1974 TCG Kocatepe

The Turkish Military as the protector of The Turkish Secular Democracy

The Cyprus Conflict The Future?