Tuning the Threshold Voltage in Organic FieldEffect Transistors













- Slides: 13

Tuning the Threshold Voltage in Organic Field-Effect Transistors by Solvent-Vapor Annealing Abhiram Karuppur Organic Polymer and Electronics Laboratory – Professor Lynn Loo 09/30/2016

Background • Transistors are used in everyday electronics – Computers, TVs, Phones • Are analogous to an electrical “switch” • Can control the current amplitude by altering the gate-source voltage http: //www. sigmaaldrich. com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/product 9/140/msc_f 0007. eps/_jcr_content/renditions/msc_f 0007 -medium. jpg http: //www. pixuffle. net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/computers 2. jpeg

Organic field-effect transistors Au Au Organic Semiconductor Si. O 2 (300 nm) Si (gate) Bottom gate, top contact Lee, Stephanie. (2012). Ph. D. Thesis. Princeton University, USA L Top-down view of BGTC device W

Goals • How can we control the threshold voltage without affecting other device parameters? – Determine if threshold voltage is correlated with solvent properties • Dipole Moment • Hansen’s Polarity Index – Can threshold voltage be predicted with different conditions: • Mixtures of solvents – Can the threshold voltage be changed? • 2 -step SVA with Methanol

Overview • Deposited TES-ADT thin films – 2 wt% in toluene – Spin at 1000 rpm for 60 seconds – Place on hot plate at 100 C for 2 minutes • Annealing Method: – Initially placed substrates in sealed chamber with reservoir of different solvents, remove when crystallization complete – Better Method: Vent chamber every 15 seconds Spin-coat from 2 wt% solution in toluene Expose to 1, 2 -dichloroethane vapor μ 50 2 as-spun film m based on Dickey, K. C. ; Anthony, J. E. ; Loo, Y. -L. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 1721 μ 50 m 2 crystallized film

DCE

SVA with Different Solvents DCE Propyl Acetate DCM Toluene Cyclohexane Pentane Acetone

SVA with Different Solvents Device μave (cm 2 V-1 s-1) VT – V 0 (V) Dipole Pentane 0. 376± 0. 0487 0 0 0 Cyclohexane 0. 471± 0. 115 +1. 3 0 0 Toluene 0. 513± 0. 204 +6. 2 0. 31 1. 4 DCM 0. 489± 0. 306 +5. 3 1. 6 6. 3 Propyl Acetate 0. 489± 0. 131 +19. 3 1. 78 4. 3 Acetone 0. 608± 0. 124 +19. 6 2. 69 10. 4 DCE 0. 419± 0. 0834 -0. 1 1. 8 7. 4 Pentane is the reference point �� P

Quantifying Trends Pentane is the reference point

Re-testing SVA with Different Solvents Device μave (cm 2 V-1 s-1) VT – V 0 (V) Dipole Pentane 0. 675± 0. 112 0 0 0 61: 39 Acetone: Pentane 0. 261± 0. 0515 +6. 9 1. 64 6. 3 Acetone 0. 393± 0. 106 +16. 1 2. 69 10. 4 Acetone x=0. 61 �� P Pentane

SVA with Methanol DCE 60

Conclusions • Different Solvents affect Threshold Voltage – Positive correlation between polarity/dipole moment of the solvent and the threshold voltage – Different solvents result in different spherulite shapes – The kinetics of spherulite formation are different with different solvents • Threshold Voltage Can be Modified Ex-situ – VT can be shifted after treatment with methanol – Preliminary results suggest this is reversible • Exposing these films to nonpolar solvents results in a negative VT shift

Acknowledgements