Tumors and Cancer Neoplasms abnormal growth of cells
Tumors and Cancer
• Neoplasms: abnormal growth of cells – AKA: Tumors 2 types 1. benign – remain localized 2. Malignant – tumors spread to other regions of the body = CANCER
Cancer cells • Not encapsulated • Fall away from original neoplasms • Can start new tumors in other parts of the body, usually migrating using lymph vessels – Metastasis – Can also invade surrounding tissue and replace part of vital organ
Benign Tumors from Epithelial Papilloma – wart like extensions Adenoma Nevus – small pigmented
Benign from connective • Lipoma – adipose • Osteoma – bone • Chondroma - cartilage
Malignant from epithelial • Melanoma – melanocytes – skin • Adenocarcinoma – glandular epithelium
Malignant from connective • • Lymphoma – cancer of lymphatic tissue Osteosarcoma – bone tissue Myeloma – bone marrow tumor Fibrosarcoma – involving fibrous connective tissue
Causes of cancer • Mistake in cell division 1. Genetic factors – oncogenes 2. Carcinogens – affect genetic activity, mutagens 3. Age 4. Environment 5. Viruses - hpv
Pathogenesis of cancer • • Self – examination Diagnostic imaging Biopsy Blood test – Prognosis – statement of probable outcome – Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, laser therapy andimmunotherapy
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