TUBERCULOSIS What is tuberculosis Tuberculosis is a disease
TUBERCULOSIS
What is tuberculosis? Tuberculosis is a disease caused by an infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What are the symptoms? Typical signs of tuberculosis are: ØChronic or persistent cough and sputum production. If the disease is at an advanced stage the sputum will contain blood. ØFatigue. ØLack of appetite. ØWeight loss. ØFever. ØNight sweats.
How is tuberculosis treated? ØToday, treatment involves three or four different kinds of antibiotics given in combination over 6 to 12 months. ØMultiple medicines are necessary to prevent the emergence of resistance, which would lead to treatment failure. ØThe main cause of treatment failure is non-compliance with what is perceived as a demanding and prolonged programme of therapy.
TB TREATMENT PLAN For positive culture do susceptibilities and report results to Health Department begin taking four medications — isoniazid, rifampicin , ethambutol pyrazinamide and streptomycin. The standard "short" course treatment for tuberculosis (TB), is: Ø isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for two months, Ø Then isoniazid and rifampicin alone for a further four months. This regimen may change if tests later show some of these drugs to be ineffective.
ISONIAZID Adverse Reactions Hepatitis Peripheral neuropathy Lupus
ISONIAZID Monitoring Liver function tests Clinical signs of hepatic toxicity Numbness/tingling of extremities
ISONIAZID Drug Interactions Alcohol Phenytoin Disulfiram Aluminum Salts Carbamazepine Benzodiazepines Anticoagulants Ketoconazole
RIFAMPIN Adverse Reactions Hepatitis Orange discoloration of secretions Drug interactions Immunologic mediated illness
RIFAMPIN Monitoring Liver function tests Clinical signs of hepatic toxicity CBC, platelets, serum creatinine, bilirubin Bleeding abnormalities
RIFAMPIN Drug Interactions Warfarin Digoxin Beta-blockers Ketoconazole Verapamil Quinidine Methadone Phenytoin. n n n n Corticosteroids Oral Contraceptives Dapsone Theophylline Sulfonylureas Cyclosporine Protease Inhibitors
ETHAMBUTOL Adverse Reactions Gout Rash Peripheral neuritis Optic neuritis
ETHAMBUTOL Monitoring Visual acuity Uric acid levels
ETHAMBUTOL Drug Interaction Aluminum salts
PYRAZINAMIDE Adverse Reactions Hepatitis Gout
PYRAZINAMIDE Monitoring Liver function tests Clinical signs of hepatic toxicity Uric acid levels
STREPTOMYCIN Adverse Reactions Auditory Vestibular Nephrotoxicity Hypersensitivity
STREPTOMYCIN Monitoring Signs of Ototoxicity Vertigo Ataxia Hearing Loss
STREPTOMYCIN Drug Interactions Loop diuretics Neuromuscular blockers
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