Tuberculosis By Gladys Apodaca Brianna Atilano Carla Arriaga

Tuberculosis By Gladys Apodaca Brianna Atilano Carla Arriaga Andrew Contreras

What is Tuberculosis? O Tuberculosis is a disease that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to the other organs. O Organs in the central nervous system, lymphatic system, and circulatory system.

Etiology of Tuberculosis O Tuberculosis is caused by a fairly large rod-shaped bacteria called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. This bacteria is known as ‘ghostly’ because its neither gram negative or positive.

Tuberculosis O Can be divided into Latent TB infection and TB disease O Latent TB infections: TB bacteria can live in your body without making you sick O TB disease: TB bacteria become active if the immune system can't stop them from growing

Who are affected? O People from the ages between 25 -45 years are potentially at high risk. And 65 years and above are at a lower risk. O Men are mostly likely to be diagnosed and die from Tuberculosis than woman are. O People who live in poverty or poor conditions.

Where is it seen? O TB is commonly found in Africa and Southeast Asia, but more than 25, 000 people contract it every year in the United States. O States bordering Mexico, such as Texas and California, is where more than half of the cases are being reported from. O 10, 528 cases were reported in the U. S in 2011, and the case rates seem to have decreased by 5. 8% compared to 2010.

Transmission O This bacteria is air-borne, and spread from person to person. People infected with TB can easily spread it to others by a simple cough, sneeze or any close contact O Tuberculosis may or may not become active. If the persons immune system can not fight the bacteria then it becomes the disease. Only people with active TB can spread the disease to others.

Transmission O People with Latent TB infection are not infectious and cannot spread TB bacteria to others O If the bacteria remains inactive in the carrier (immune system can fight bacteria off) then it can not be spread.

Symptoms O Persistent cough O With blood O Constant fatigue O Weight loss O Appetite loss O Fever O Night sweats

Diagnosis O Skin Test O Injected with PPD Tuberculin, then checked after 48 -72 hours for a hard red bump on injection site. O Blood Tests O X-Rays O Physical exam O Checking your lymph nodes for swelling, listening to the sound of your lungs.

Treatment O If infected but do not have the active TB disease then you would be given preventive therapy. O Which is a daily dose of Isoniazid (INH)* for 6 -9 months O If you have active TB disease then a combination of drugs will be given for 6 -12 months. O Isoniazid (INH)*, Rifampin*, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol.

Prevention O If a person tests positive for latent T. B. medication should be taken to reduce risk of getting active T. B. O If a person has active T. B. they should keep there germs to them self. O Stay home, ventilate the rooms, cover your mouth (mask), and finish the course of medication.

Prevention O Vaccine (BCG) is available but not recommended in the U. S due to the limited effectiveness. O Infants are most likely to receive the vaccination. O Researchers are working to develop a efficient vaccine for adults.

References O http: //sitemaker. umich. edu/medchem 13/files/tb. h O http: //www. lung. org/lung-disease/tuberculosis/ O http: //www. cdc. gov/tb/topic/basics/default. htm O http: //online. wsj. com/article/SB 1000142412788732329370457 8336283658347240. html O http: //www. sharecare. com/question/how-common-istuberculosis O http: //www. mayoclinic. com/health/tuberculosis/DS 00372/DSEC TION=prevention O Google. com