Triple Helix Catalyst for Change Henry Etzkowitz Triple
- Slides: 28
Triple Helix: Catalyst for Change Henry Etzkowitz
Triple Helix Thesis University plays leading role in Knowledge-based Society: shift from secondary to primary institutional sphere l Taking the role of the other e. g. , university forming firms; government as venture capitalist; industry raising training to higher levels l Shift from Laissez Faire and Statist to hybrid model of intersecting Institutional Spheres l
Statist Triple Helix Government Industry University
Government Laissez-faire Triple Helix Industry University
Interactive Triple Helix Innovation at the Intersection among Institutional Spheres Government Industry University
Government Industry University Civil Society: Base of Triple Helix
U-I-G Triple Helix for Innovation U-P-G Triple Helix for Sustainability
U-I-G Triple Helix for Innovation U-P-G Triple Helix for Sustainability
Academia: Competitive Advantage UNIVERSITY flow through of students -new inventors -new entrepreneurs -new knowledge production INSTITUTE permanent staff depth of expertise
Generating Trust Among the Triple Helix l Problem: Isolation Among U-I-G l Solution: Creation of Intermediate Ties l Between Strong Ties of Kinship and Weak Ties of Information Exchange (Granovetter, 1973) l Response to Crisis or Opportunity l 1920’s New England loss of Industry l Early days of Silicon Valley
Triple Helix Spaces
-Knowledge space q* Universities and Research Institutes Underutilized Potential l* Research Projects with economic and social relevance l* Decentralization after Mexico City Earthquake
- Consensus space l* Fora to Generate Ideas and Strategies l* Triple Helix Meeting Place e. g. New England Council; Niteroi Technopole; Amsterdam Knowledge Circle * RIO: Regional Innovation Organizer
- Innovation space l* Forming Dynamics for Innovation l * RII:Regional Innovation Initiator l * Hybrid Organizations, e. g. , l technology transfer offices, science parks, incubators accelerators l * Invention of Venture Capital Firm
Bi-Evolution of University Missions – Teaching: Individuals and Organizations – Research: Individual and Group – Economic and Social Development in the Region: technology, spin-offs and start-ups • The First Academic Revolution late 19 th century; ongoing The Research University research groups and centers • The Second Academic Revolution 20 th century; ongoing The Entrepreneurial University new firms and networks
The Entrepreneurial University * Second Academic Revolution: entrepreneurship, incubation and firmformation as third academic mission * Entrepreneurial University is non-linear: can be built on a teaching as well as a research university base * Entrepreneurial University is combinatorial: entrepreneurship and research integrated (firm and academic lab in one, e. g. 4 G at PUCRS)
Government’s Positive Intervention • Direct: Government -> Industry • Indirect: Government ->University->Industry • Government as a balance-wheel in downturn: Ø Incentivising new industries as well as renewing old ones Ø Counter-cyclical venture capital
The Evolution of the Firm l l l From hierarchical to flatter structures R&D integrated into firm long-term strategy (3 rd Generation R&D) R&D responsive to customer needs, integrated into value chains (4 th Generation R&D) Knowledge-based start-ups with high-growth and job creation potential (gazelles) R&D alliances: from individual firms to networks of large firms, SME’s and academic research groups in Joint R&D Centers research-based clusters
Triple Helix Spaces l Linking knowledge, innovation, governance and leadership
Knowledge space l Pool of existing knowledge and the means of production of new knowledge l Prerequisite: reach critical mass of research resources to generate growth l Potential: Universities, Firm R&D units and Research Institutes (often underutilized) l E. g. 1980 s post-earthquake decentralization of Mexico City R&D institutes (R. Casas)
Consensus space l Neutral ground to Generate Ideas and Strategies - Triple Helix Meeting Place l Formal and informal networks support new innovation projects l Leadership by various Triple Helix actors
Innovation space l Leadership: Regional Innovation Organizer l Creation of new and adaptation of existing hybrid organizations from elements of the TH spheres: e. g. Venture Capital Firm, Incubator, Science Park, ‘Company’ Universities l Renewal of Science Parks: foundation of technology-based universities
Triple Helix Circulation UUU III G
Professors of Practice (Po. Ps) Turns traditional Po. P model “on its head” from teaching to research Po. P Types: l l – – l l Forward linear: faculty entrepreneurs moving ½ time to Industry Reverse linear: Industry entrepreneurs (Ph. Ds) moving ½ time to University Entrepreneurial role models for students and faculty Develop large-scale projects, strengthen ties with business, retain faculty entrepreneurs in university Self-sustaining virtuous circle between University and Industry
Researchers of Practice (Ro. Ps) l. Link academic and business sides of university l 1/2 time in Academic Unit e. g. Business School, Engineering, Medicine etc l 1/2 time in Tech transfer office, incubator, science park l. Junior faculty (assistant profs) mentored by Po. Ps l. Hypothesis: more productive than traditional academics: two sources of inspiration (theory and practice) l. Po. Ps + Ro. Ps: seamless web from firm to university and from academic to business development
Novum Trivium l Model for reform of undergraduate education l Update classical Trivium of grammar, rhetoric and dialectics l Structure: – A Traditional Discipline – Innovation and Entrepreneurship – Another Language and Culture
A Journal of University. Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship 27 Triple Open Access Goals: Free to Readers Free to Authors Open to All Innovation
Triple Helix conceptual axes Institutional Spheres Integrative Spaces Hybrid institutions at UIG interfaces: • U-I interface: TTOs, SPs, BIs, ILOs, JRCs, excellence centres); • U-G interface: university contracts & grants offices, academics’ advisory services to policymakers; • I-G interface: chambers of commerce, professional associations, sectoral firm associations • Knowledge, Consensus and Innovation Spaces • Dissemination of innovation and best practice from local/regional to national/international level through networks of universities, firms, interface organisations • Regional Innovation Organizer (leadership) Individual Dynamics • Circulation of individuals within and among TH spheres: Ø dual roles of academics in U-I/U-G; Ø student internships in firms, government, training in firms for dissertations • TH education: Ø Students: Novum Trivium, TH Ph. D Ø Academics: Po. Ps, Ro. Ps
- Triple helix model
- Sea roads as a catalyst for change southeast asia
- Christ catalyst
- Triple alliance map
- Triple alliance
- Alianzas en primera guerra mundial
- Triple alianza y triple entente
- Triple alliance ww1
- Pinna
- Helix migration
- Parts of c clasp in orthodontics
- Ground fine pitch
- Myvagov
- Analyzing student work
- Helix delta t6
- Spot facing drill bit
- Construct a helix with radius 40mm
- Keratin alpha helix
- Packaging of dna helix
- Arc length equation
- Pegas helix
- Engineering curves
- Alpha helix and beta sheet
- Lother meyer curve
- The two outside rails of the double helix are called
- Helix sign iufd
- Helix education
- Dna and rna coloring worksheet
- Stapes hammer anvil